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Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have shown that social impairment is associated with major depression
throughout the first year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study examined
the specific social factors that were associated with post-TBI depression.
Method: A consecutive series of 65 patients with closed head injuries were cross-sectionally
and longitudinally examined using a semistructured psychiatric interview, the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale, and the Social Functioning Exam during in-hospital care and
at 3−, 6−, 9−, and 12-month follow-ups.
Results: Depressed subjects showed poorer social functioning at the initial evaluation, and
at 6, 9, and 12 months. Measures of preinjury job dissatisfaction and fear of job
loss were significantly associated with depression at the initial evaluation. Concurrent
impaired close personal relationships as well as continued fear of job loss were associated
with depression at 6, 9, and 12 months after TBI.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that two of the psychosocial factors associated with depression
during the acute TBI period (patient's satisfaction with work and fear of job loss)
are the same as those operant during the chronic period, but an additional psychosocial
factor (close interpersonal relationships) is also operant during the chronic period.
These findings support the need for early targeted social intervention in cases of
TBI.
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
June 11,
1997
Received:
May 9,
1997
Footnotes
☆Supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH53592), the Colegio de Medicos de Zaragoza, and the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders.
☆☆No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the subject matter of this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.
Identification
Copyright
© 1997 Published by Elsevier Inc.
