World Economic Forum. Top 10 emerging technologies 2018. Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/Top10_Emerging_Technologies_report_2018.pdf. Accessed September 12, 2022.
List of abbreviations:
AC (alternating current), DC (direct current), FDA (Food and Drug Administration), PC (pulsed current), PMA (premarket application), TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationReferences
- Magnetic healing, quackery, and the debate about the health effects of electromagnetic fields.Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 376-383
- A historical perspective of the popular use of electric and magnetic therapy.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001; 82: 1261-1269
World Economic Forum. Top 10 emerging technologies 2018. Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/Top10_Emerging_Technologies_report_2018.pdf. Accessed September 12, 2022.
Small Business Innovation Research. The US patent application process. Available at: https://www.sbir.gov/sites/all/themes/sbir/dawnbreaker/img/documents/Course16-Tutorial1.pdf. Accessed December 29, 2021.
US Patent and Trademark Office. 2107 Guidelines for examination of applications for compliance with the utility requirement [R-11.2013]. Available at: https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s2107.html. Accessed December 29, 2021.
US Food & Drug Administration. Classify your medical device. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/overview-device-regulation/classify-your-medical-device. Accessed December 29, 2021.
US Food & Drug Administration. Step 3: pathway to approval. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/patients/device-development-process/step-3-pathway-approval. Accessed December 29, 2021.
US Food & Drug Administration. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=882.5890. Accessed December 29, 2021.
- Foundations of electrical stimulation.in: Watson T Nussbaum EL Electrophysical agents: evidence-based practice. Elsevier, New York2021: 70-92
- An investigation of the development of analgesic tolerance to TENS in humans.Pain. 2011; 152: 335-342
- Does transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) produce “dose-responses”? A review of systematic reviews on chronic pain.Phys Ther Rev. 2008; 13: 450-463
- Remote analgesic effects of conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a scientific and clinical review with a focus on chronic pain.J Pain Res. 2019; 12: 3185-3201
- Introduction and general concepts.in: Watson T Nussbaum EL Electrophysical agents: evidence-based practice. Elsevier, New York2021: 2-9
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain—an overview of Cochrane Reviews.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 4CD011890
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption. A meta-analysis with assessment of optimal treatment parameters for postoperative pain.Eur J Pain. 2003; 7: 181-188
- Effectiveness of interferential current therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Phys Ther. 2010; 90: 1219-1238
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential current demonstrate similar effects in relieving acute and chronic pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Braz J Phys Ther. 2018; 22: 347-354
- Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of interferential therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.Physiotherapy. 2006; 92: 247-253
Watson T. Electrotherapy on the web. Available at: http://www.electrotherapy.org/. Accessed January 4, 2022.
AETNA. Medical clinical policy bulletins. Available at: https://www.aetna.com/health-care-professionals/clinical-policy-bulletins/medical-clinical-policy-bulletins.html. Accessed January 4, 2022.
Kansas City Blue Cross Blue Shield. Medical policies. Available at: https://www.bcbsks.com/providers/medical-policies. Accessed January 4, 2022.
- Methodological issues in rehabilitation research: a scoping review.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021; 102: 1614-1622
The EQUATOR Network. Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research. Available at: https://www.equator-network.org/. Accessed May 26, 2022.
- Spinal cord stimulation research in the restoration of motor, sensory and autonomic function for individuals living with spinal cord injuries: a scoping review.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022; 103: 1387-1397
Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library. What is evidence-based practice? Available at: https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/ebm/ebmintro. Accessed January 4, 2022.
- Elevating the quality of disability and rehabilitation research: mandatory use of the reporting guidelines.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014; 95: 415-417
Hoffmann T, Glasziou P, Boutron I, et al., Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide, BMJ 2014;348:g1687. Available at: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/tidier/. Accessed January 4, 2022.
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Disclosures: Parag Gad, PhD, is cofounder and shareholder in Spine-X and is inventor on a patent licensed to SpineX Inc that covers a transcutaneous spinal stimulation device. The other authors have nothing to disclose.