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EDITORIAL| Volume 103, ISSUE 11, P2268-2271, November 2022

Bioelectric Medicine: Electrotherapy and Transcutaneous Electromagnetic Stimulation—Clinical and Research Challenges

Published:August 12, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.08.001
      The Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation has a long-standing interest in the use of electricity to remediate health problems. Indeed, Archives of Physical Therapy, X-ray, Radium was the title for this journal from 1926 to 1938. The application of electrical and magnetic stimulation in health care has ebbed and flowed over the centuries, but it had fallen out of favor in recent times because of the lack of evidence for benefit.
      • Macklis RM.
      Magnetic healing, quackery, and the debate about the health effects of electromagnetic fields.
      ,
      • Basford JR.
      A historical perspective of the popular use of electric and magnetic therapy.
      However, recent years have seen a proliferation of devices providing electromagnetic stimulation, other than traditional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units, for use in the home to treat pain, and it has also seen a proliferation of research. Advances in technology and the opioid epidemic are key reasons for the enormous growth in types of transcutaneous electromagnetic devices. In 2018, the People's Republic of China, World Economic Forum, identified “electroceuticals” as 1 of the top 10 emerging technologies.

      World Economic Forum. Top 10 emerging technologies 2018. Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/Top10_Emerging_Technologies_report_2018.pdf. Accessed September 12, 2022.

      The swift rise in the use of such electroceutical devices, and the ensuing profits to be made, has given rise to a “Wild West” market environment. The rapid proliferation of these devices has led to the coining of several new terms, such as “bioelectric medicine,” “electroceuticals,” “electrotherapy,” and “electrophysical agents.” It has also produced a situation where the claims of many devices have yet to be fully substantiated in the literature, as well as gain regulatory approval and acceptance in the market.

      List of abbreviations:

      AC (alternating current), DC (direct current), FDA (Food and Drug Administration), PC (pulsed current), PMA (premarket application), TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)
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