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Research Objectives
To investigate whether Goal Management Training (GMT) combined with attention drill
training improves executive function over GMT alone.
Design
Quasi-experimental two group comparison, before and after.
Setting
Veterans’ Administration Outpatient Rehabilitation.
Participants
Veterans with blast-related mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) previously enrolled
to GMT only treatment (n=7) were compared to Veterans with blast-related mTBI treated
with GMT plus attention drill training (n=8).
Interventions
GMT is a metacognitive group intervention, presented in 10-weekly, 2-hour PowerPoint
interactive sessions. GMT combined with attention drill training included GMT with
10 additional, 2-hour sessions employing three different types of additional attention
training: (1) Attention Process Training version-III; (2) use of a Smartphone application
called the Veterans’ Task Manager to set functional attention goals in a naturalistic
setting; and (3) Brain HQ attention tasks 2-3 hours per week.
Main Outcome Measures
Executive Composite Score of the National Institutes of Health Executive Abilities:
Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (NIH EXAMINER).
Results
GMT alone did not result in a significant pre-/post treatment improvement (p=0.44:
effect size 0.12) according to the NIH EXAMINER Executive Composite Score. However,
GMT plus attention drill training resulted in a significant improvement with a large
Cohen's d effect size (p=.006; effect size = 2.23) and had a significantly greater
improvement than GMT alone (p=.01).
Conclusions
The addition of attention drill training to GMT significantly improved overall executive
function over GMT alone. In a meta-analysis of GMT, effect size was related to the
number of sessions (Strenova, 2019), supporting our large effect size findings with
the addition of attention training sessions to GMT. A randomized control study is
needed to determine whether GMT plus attention drill training improves functioning
over GMT alone.
Author(s) Disclosures
The authors have no conflicts to declare.
Keywords
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Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
