Highlights
- •Volleyball exercise results in improvement of upper limb motor function in chronic stroke survivors.
- •Volleyball exercise decreases the feedback dependency of motor control in chronic stroke survivors.
- •Performing volleyball exercise in a competitive form could enhance its positive effects in both functional and motor control levels.
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of competitive and noncompetitive volleyball exercises
on the functional performance and motor control of the upper limbs in chronic stroke
survivors.
Design
Randomized clinical trial.
Setting
Outpatient rehabilitation center.
Participants
Chronic stroke survivors (N=48).
Interventions
Participants were randomly assigned to competitive (n=16) or noncompetitive (n=16)
volleyball exercise groups (60min/d volleyball exercise+30min/d traditional rehabilitation,
3d/wk for 7wk) and control group (n=16).
Main Outcome Measures
Reach and grasp motor control measures were evaluated through kinematic analysis.
Functional outcomes were assessed via Motor Activity Log, Wolf Motor Function Test
(WMFT), Box and Block Test, and Wrist Position Sense Test.
Results
Significant improvement of functional performance was observed in both competitive
(P<.0001) and noncompetitive volleyball exercise groups (P<.01), but not in the control group (P>.05), with the exception of WMFT score. Volleyball training, in general, resulted
in more efficient spatiotemporal control of reach and grasp functions, as well as
less dependence on feedback control as compared to the control group. Moreover, the
competitive volleyball exercise group exhibited greater improvement in both functional
performance and motor control levels.
Conclusions
Volleyball team exercises, especially in a competitive format, resulted in enhancing
the efficacy of the preprogramming and execution of reach and grasp movements, as
well as a shift from feedback to feedforward control of the affected upper limb in
chronic stroke survivors. This may well be a potential underlying mechanism for improving
functional performance.
Keywords
List of abbreviations:
ADL (activities of daily living), AOU (amount of use), BBT (Box and Block Test), FAS (functional ability scale), MAL (Motor Activity Log), MGA (maximum grip aperture), NMT (normalized movement time), NTD (normalized total distance), PMGA (percentage of movement time in which MGA occurs), PPV (percentage of movement time in which PV occurs), PV (peak velocity), QOM (quality of movement), WMFT (Wolf Motor Function Test), WPST (Wrist Position Sense Test)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 09, 2018
Footnotes
Supported by Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (grant no.: 94-03-32-26537).
Clinical Trial Registration No.: IRCT2015110616830N6.
Disclosures: none.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
