Abstract
Objective
To develop an environmental-barriers scale, Travel Restrictions Influencing Participation
(TRIP), in the context of travel for people living with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Design
A mixed-method approach where, in the qualitative phase, items were developed and
written based on results of interviewers with different stakeholder groups and, in
the quantitative phase, survey data were collected to examine the psychometric properties
of the scale.
Setting
Home, work, and community settings.
Participants
People living with SCI, caregivers/family members, therapists, and travel professionals
(N=333).
Interventions
None.
Main Outcome Measures
A 19-item TRIP scale that measures the travel barriers encountered by people with
SCI.
Results
Results from 83 semi-structured in-depth interviews with 4 stakeholder groups guided
the writing of items in the TRIP scale. Seven cognitive interviews and an expert panel
conducted reviews for content validity of the scale, and 19 items were included in
the quantitative assessment of the scale. A total of 250 patients enrolled in the
Rocky Mountain Regional Spinal Injury System was systematically selected to report
their experience with each travel barrier. Item-response theory–based Rasch analysis
revealed that TRIP has acceptable psychometric properties.
Conclusions
The 19-item TRIP scale demonstrates promising psychometric properties for the scale
to be used in clinical settings to quickly identify environmental barriers individuals
with SCI encounter when traveling. It has the potential to assist with developing
interventions that will improve the travel experience of individuals with SCI or to
assist with strategies to overcome travel barriers.
Keywords
List of abbreviations:
CFA (confirmatory factor analysis), DIF (differential item functioning), EFA (exploratory factor analysis), ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health), RSM (Rasch-Andrich Ratings Scale Model), SCI (spinal cord injury), TRIP (Travel Restrictions Influencing Participation)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 14, 2018
Footnotes
Supported by the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation (Project #321788), United States.
Disclosures: none.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
