Abstract
Objective
To determine the relation between sleep quantity and sleep disturbances on symptoms
and neurocognitive ability during the acute phase (<7d) and after sports-related concussion
(SRC; >21d).
Design
Prospective inception cohort study.
Setting
General community setting of regional middle and high schools.
Participants
A sample (N=971) including youth athletes with SRC (n=528) and controls (n=443) (age,
10–18y).
Interventions
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures
Athletes completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing
battery. Partial correlation analyses and independent t tests were conducted to assess sleep quantity the night before testing. Multivariate
analysis of covariance was used to assess sleep disturbances and their interaction
with age.
Results
Less sleep quantity was correlated with greater report of cognitive (P=.001) and neuropsychological (P=.024) symptoms specific to prolonged recovery from SRC. Sleep disturbances significantly
affect each migraine, cognitive, and neuropsychological symptoms (P<.001). A significant interaction was found between sleep disturbances and age (P=.04) at >21 days post-SRC.
Conclusions
Findings emphasize that the continued presence of low sleep quantity and sleep disturbances
in youth athletes with SRC should be a specific indicator to health professionals
that these athletes are at an increased risk of protracted recovery. Further research
should identify additional factors that may interact with sleep to increase the risk
of protracted recovery.
Keywords
List of abbreviations:
ANCOVA (analysis of covariance), ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing), MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance), PCSS (Post-Concussion Symptom Scale), SRC (sports-related concussion)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 06, 2018
Footnotes
Disclosures: none.
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
