Highlights
- •Higher baseline mindfulness was associated with treatment response in knee osteoarthritis.
- •This finding was primarily driven by the acting-with-awareness mindfulness facet.
- •Mindfulness may be a prognostic indicator of treatment response among these patients.
- •Mindfulness-cultivating interventions might be helpful as a preparatory adjunct to exercise.
Abstract
Objective
To examine the association between baseline mindfulness and response from exercise
interventions in knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Design
Cohort study; responder analysis of a clinical trial subset.
Setting
Urban tertiary care academic hospital.
Participants
Participants with symptomatic, radiographic knee OA (N=86; mean age, 60y; 74% female;
48% white).
Interventions
Twelve weeks (twice per week) of Tai Chi or physical therapy exercise.
Main Outcome Measures
Treatment response was defined using Osteoarthritis Research Society International
criteria indicating meaningful improvements in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities
Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, WOMAC function, or Patient Global Assessment scores.
At baseline, participants completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (mean
total score, 142±17) and were grouped into 3 categories of total mindfulness: higher,
medium, or lower. Relative risk (RR) ratios were used to compare treatment response
across groups.
Results
Participants with higher total mindfulness were 38% (95% confidence interval [CI],
1.05–1.83) more likely to meet responder criteria than those with lower mindfulness.
We found no significant difference between medium and lower mindfulness groups (RR=1.0;
95% CI, 0.69–1.44). Among the 5 mindfulness facets, medium acting-with-awareness was
46% (95% CI, 1.09–1.96) more likely to respond than lower acting-with-awareness, and
higher acting-with-awareness was 34% more likely to respond, but this did not reach
significance (95% CI, 0.97–1.86).
Conclusions
In this study, higher mindfulness, primarily driven by its acting-with-awareness facet,
was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of response to nonpharmacologic
exercise interventions in knee OA. This suggests that mindfulness-cultivating interventions
may increase the likelihood of response from exercise.
Keywords
List of abbreviations:
BMI (body mass index), CI (confidence interval), FFMQ (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), OA (osteoarthritis), WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 12, 2017
Footnotes
Supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (grant nos. R01AT005521 and K24AT007323), and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grant no. UL1TR001064) at the National Institutes of Health.
The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The investigators are solely responsible for the content of the manuscript and the decision to submit for publication. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Clinical Trial Registration No.: NCT01258985.
Disclosures: J.B. Wong has research funding from the Patient-Centered Outcome Research Institute for “A Method for Patient-Centered Enrollment in Comparative Effectiveness Trials: Mathematical Equipoise,” which is examining total knee replacement for osteoarthritis. The other authors have nothing to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
