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Visual Field Expanding Peripheral Prisms Improve Detection of Roadside Pedestrians in Patients with Hemianopia

      Objective

      For hemianopia, peripheral prisms (p-prisms) expand the visual field up to 40° on standard perimetry (Jung and Peli, 2014). In prior studies, p-prisms improved self-reported mobility scores over a sham in a randomized controlled clinical trial (Bowers, 2013) and improved responses to hazards in a pilot on-road study. However, gaze was not tracked in either of these studies and there was no control over when or where hazards appeared. We therefore conducted a study to objectively measure detection and gaze behavior with the p-prisms in the controlled environment of a driving simulator.

      Design

      Prospective, within-subjects, before-after trial.

      Setting

      Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Vision Rehabilitation Laboratory in a wide-field (225°) driving simulator.

      Participants

      Referred hemianopia without neglect (n=11), >3 months after brain-injury, for a protocol approved by the Massachusetts Eye and Ear IRB.

      Interventions

      Measurements were performed without p-prisms at baseline and with p-prisms after training and

      Main Outcome Measure(s)

      Detection rates and reaction times for pedestrians appearing on the right (n=26) or left (n=26) of the roadway during five 10-minute drives.

      Results

      Mean blindside detection improved from 47% to 72% (p=0.001) and reaction time from 3.0s to 2.4s (p=0.036), but still was not equal to seeing side performance (100% and 1.1s). Between-subject variability in blindside detection was considerable (SD ±26%). Preliminary analysis of gaze tracking supports detection on multiple occasions via p-prisms.

      Conclusions

      These data provide preliminary evidence of improved detection during driving via p-prisms. The wide-between subject variability in detection performance without and with p-prisms highlights the importance of individualized assessment of hemianopia in a multidisciplinary driver-rehab program.

      Key Words

      Hemianopia, Prisms, Driving, Homonymous, Hemianopsia

      Disclosure(s)

      Dr. Eli Peli has a patent on the peripheral prisms through the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Schepens Eye Research Institute.