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Original research| Volume 96, ISSUE 4, P589-595, April 2015

Environmental Factors Item Development for Persons With Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Spinal Cord Injury

Published:December 30, 2013DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.11.024

      Abstract

      Objectives

      To describe methods used in operationalizing environmental factors; to describe the results of a research project to develop measures of environmental factors that affect participation; and to define an initial item set of facilitators and barriers to participation after stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury.

      Design

      Instrument development included an extensive literature review, item classification and selection, item writing, and cognitive testing following the approach of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.

      Setting

      Community.

      Participants

      Content area and outcome measurement experts (n=10) contributed to instrument development; individuals (n=200) with the target conditions participated in focus groups and in cognitive testing (n=15).

      Interventions

      None.

      Main Outcome Measures

      Environmental factor items were categorized in 6 domains: assistive technology; built and natural environment; social environment; services, systems, and policies; access to information and technology; and economic quality of life.

      Results

      We binned 2273 items across the 6 domains, winnowed this pool to 291 items for cognitive testing, and recommended 274 items for pilot data collection.

      Conclusions

      Five of the 6 domains correspond closely to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health taxonomy of environmental factors; the sixth domain, economic quality of life, reflects an important construct that reflects financial resources that affect participation. Testing with a new and larger sample is underway to evaluate reliability, validity, and sensitivity.

      Keywords

      List of abbreviations:

      AT (assistive technology), ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health), PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), SCI (spinal cord injury), TBI (traumatic brain injury)
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