Advertisement
Original article| Volume 94, ISSUE 4, P660-666, April 2013

Download started.

Ok

Impact of an Exercise Program on Muscular and Functional Performance and Plasma Levels of Interleukin 6 and Soluble Receptor Tumor Necrosis Factor in Prefrail Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Published:November 19, 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.11.013

      Abstract

      Objective

      To examine the impact of a muscle resistance program (MRP) on muscular and functional performance and on interleukin 6 (IL-6) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFr1) plasma levels in prefrail community-dwelling women.

      Design

      Randomized controlled trial crossover design with a postintervention and short-term follow-up.

      Setting

      University hospital.

      Participants

      Prefrail community-dwelling women (N=32; ≥65y).

      Intervention

      The MRP was designed based on the exercise at 75% of each participant's maximum load (10wk, 3 times/wk).

      Main Outcome Measures

      Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and sTNFr1 (high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits), muscle strength of the knee extensors (isokinetic), and functional performance (Timed Up & Go [TUG] test and 10-meter walk test [10MWT]).

      Results

      There were significant differences in functional and muscular performance between the pre-MRP, post-MRP, and 10-week follow-up period. After the MRP, both functional (TUG, pre-MRP=11.1s vs post-MRP=10.4s, P=.00; 10MWT, pre-MRP=4.9s vs post-MRP, 4.4s, P=.00) and muscular performances (pre-MRP=77.8% and post-MRP=83.1%, P=.02) improved. After cessation of the MRP (follow-up period), sTNFr1 plasma levels increased by 21.4% at 10-week follow-up (post-MRP, 406.4pg/mL; 10-week follow-up, 517.0pg/mL; P=.03). There were significant differences in sTNFr1 (P=.01).

      Conclusions

      The MRP was effective in improving functional and muscular performances, although alterations in plasma levels of IL-6 and sTNFr1 could not be identified after the MRP. Cessation of the MRP after 10 weeks resulted in increased plasma levels of sTNFr1.

      Keywords

      List of abbreviations:

      ANOVA (analysis of variance), CG (control group), IL-6 (interleukin 6), MRP (muscle resistance program), sTNFr1 (soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1), 10MWT (10-meter walk test), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), TUG (Timed Up & Go)
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Fried L.P.
        • Ferrucci L.
        • Darer J.
        • et al.
        Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care.
        J Geront A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004; 59: 255-263
        • Fried L.P.
        • Tangen C.N.
        • Walston J.
        • et al.
        Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype.
        J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001; 56: 146-156
        • Cherniack E.P.
        • Florez H.J.
        • Troen B.R.
        Emerging therapies to treat frailty syndrome in the elderly.
        Altern Med Rev. 2007; 12: 246-258
        • Clark B.C.
        • Manini T.M.
        Sarcopenia =/= Dynapenia.
        J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008; 63: 829-834
        • Ershler W.B.
        • Keller E.T.
        Aged-associated increased interleukin-6 gene expression, late-life diseases, and frailty.
        Annu Rev Med. 2000; 51: 245-270
        • Cohen H.J.
        • Harris T.
        • Pieper C.F.
        Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly.
        Am J Med. 2003; 114: 180-187
        • Ferrucci L.
        • Penninx B.W.
        • Volpato S.
        • et al.
        Change in muscle strength explains accelerated decline of physical function in older women with high interleukin-6 serum levels.
        J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50: 1947-1954
        • Pedersen B.K.
        IL-6 signalling in exercise and disease.
        Biochem Soc Trans. 2007; : 1295-1297
        • Roubenoff R.
        Catabolism of aging: is it an inflammatory process?.
        Curr Opin Nutr Metab Care. 2003; 6: 295-299
        • Plomgaard P.
        • Keller P.
        • Keller C.
        • et al.
        TNF-alpha, but not IL-6, stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue.
        J Appl Physiol. 2005; 98: 2019-2023
        • Petersen A.M.
        • Pedersen B.K.
        The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise.
        J Appl Physiol. 2005; 98: 1154-1162
        • Febbraio M.A.
        • Pedersen B.K.
        Muscle-derived interleukin-6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles.
        FASEB J. 2002; 16: 1335-1347
        • Brandt C.
        • Pedersen B.K.
        The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases.
        J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010; 2010 ([Epub ahead of print 2010 Mar 9]): 520258
        • Pereira L.S.
        • Narciso F.M.
        • Oliveira M.G.
        • et al.
        Correlation between manual muscle strength and interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels in elderly community-dwelling women.
        Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009; 48: 313-316
        • Oliveira D.M.
        • Narciso F.M.
        • Santos M.L.
        • et al.
        Muscle strength but not functional capacity is associated with plasma interleukin-6 levels of community-dwelling elderly women.
        Brazil J Med Biol Res. 2008; 41: 1148-1153
        • Greiwe J.S.
        • Cheng B.
        • Rubin D.C.
        • et al.
        Resistance exercise decreases skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor α in frail elderly humans.
        FASEB J. 2001; 15: 475-482
        • Lustosa L.P.
        • Coelho F.M.
        • Silva J.P.
        • et al.
        The effects of a muscle resistance program on the functional capacity, knee extensor muscle strength and plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in pre-frail elderly women: a randomized crossover clinical trial–a study protocol.
        Trials. 2010; 11: 82
        • Bertolucci P.
        • Brucki S.
        • Campacci S.
        The Mini-Mental State Examination in a general population: impact of educational status.
        Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1994; 52: 1-7
        • Eyigor S.
        • Karapolat H.
        • Durmaz B.
        Effects of a group-based exercise program on the physical performance, muscle strength and quality of life in older women.
        Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007; 43: 259-271
        • Podsiadlo D.
        • Richardson S.
        The Timed Up & Go: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons.
        J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39: 142-148
        • Shinkai S.
        • Watanabe S.
        • Kumagai S.
        • et al.
        Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence in a Japanese rural community population.
        Age Ageing. 2000; 29: 441-446
        • Starkie R.
        • Ostrowski S.R.
        • Jauffred S.
        • et al.
        Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production in humans.
        FASEB J. 2003; 17: 884-886
        • Smart N.A.
        • Larsen A.I.
        • Le Maitre J.P.
        • et al.
        Effect of exercise training on interleukine-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and functional capacity in heart failure.
        Cardiol Res Pract. Feb 27;2011; : 532620
        • Coelho F.M.
        Impacto de uma intervenção fisioterápica em idosas com síndrome de fragilidade sobre as células T regulatórias, a produção de citocinas e fatores neurotróficos [PhD thesis]. Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional.
        Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte2010
        • Nicklas B.J.
        • Hsu F.C.
        • Brinkley T.J.
        • et al.
        Exercise training and plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the elderly.
        J Am Geriatric Soc. 2008; 56: 2045-2052
        • Nicklas B.J.
        • Brinkley T.E.
        Exercise training as a treatment for chronic inflammation in the elderly.
        Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2009; 37: 165-170
        • Onambéle-Pearson G.L.
        • Breen L.
        • Stewart C.L.
        Influence of exercise intensity in older persons with unchanged habitual nutritional intake: skeletal muscle and endocrine adaptations.
        Age. 2010; 32: 139-153
        • Woods J.A.
        • Wilund K.R.
        • Martin S.A.
        • et al.
        Exercise, inflammation and aging.
        Aging Dis. 2012; 3: 130-140
        • Yarasheski K.E.
        Exercise, aging and muscle protein metabolism.
        J Gerontol A Bio Sci Med Sci. 2003; 58: 918-922
        • Kosek D.J.
        • Kim J.
        • Petrella J.K.
        • et al.
        Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults.
        J Appl Physiol. 2006; 101: 531-544