Abstract
King RB, Champion VL, Chen D, Gittler MS, Heinemann AW, Bode RK, Semik P. Development
of a measure of Skin Care Belief Scales for persons with spinal cord injury.
Objectives
To develop and validate a measure of skin care beliefs and to describe the skin care
behaviors of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Design
A mixed-methods design was used to develop the Skin Care Beliefs Scales (SCBS). The
health belief model framed the hypotheses. Phase 1 included item development, content
validity testing, and pilot testing. Phase 2 included testing the scale structure
(principal components analysis), internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability,
and relationships between the belief scales and care behaviors.
Setting
Two acute rehabilitation hospitals and Internet websites.
Participants
Patients with SCI (N=462; qualitative/pilot n=56; psychometric study n=406) participated.
Interventions
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures
The pilot and phase 2 studies, respectively, used 146-item and 114-item versions of
the SCBS. A skin care activity log was used to record skin care behaviors.
Results
Content validity indicated that the items were relevant and clear. The analysis resulted
in 11 independent scales reflecting 3 general beliefs (susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy)
and barrier and benefit behavior-specific scales for skin checks, wheelchair pressure
reliefs, and turning and sitting times. With the exception of skin check barriers
(α=.65), Cronbach alphas of the scale ranged from .74 to .94. Test-retest intraclass
correlations were fair to excellent (range, .42–.75). Construct validity was supported.
Hierarchical linear regression indicated that turning benefits, barriers, susceptibility,
and self-efficacy were significant predictors of turning time. Benefits or barriers
were correlated significantly with skin check and pressure relief adherence (ρ range,
−.17 to −.33). Self-efficacy was correlated with wheelchair pressure relief (ρ=.18).
Skin care behavior adherence varied widely (eg, 0%–100%).
Conclusions
The scales showed acceptable reliability and validity. Further testing with larger
samples is desirable.
Key Words
List of Abbreviations:
SCI (spinal cord injury)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 12, 2012
Footnotes
Supported by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation (research no. H133G010058).
Reprints are not available from the author.
No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.
In-press corrected proof published online on May 30, 2012, at www.archives-pmr.org.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
