Abstract
Wilde EA, Whiteneck GG, Bogner J, Bushnik T, Cifu DX, Dikmen S, French L, Giacino
JT, Hart T, Malec JF, Millis SR, Novack TA, Sherer M, Tulsky DS, Vanderploeg RD, von
Steinbuechel N. Recommendations for the use of common outcome measures in traumatic
brain injury research.
This article summarizes the selection of outcome measures by the interagency Traumatic
Brain Injury (TBI) Outcomes Workgroup to address primary clinical research objectives,
including documentation of the natural course of recovery from TBI, prediction of
later outcome, measurement of treatment effects, and comparison of outcomes across
studies. Consistent with other Common Data Elements Workgroups, the TBI Outcomes Workgroup
adopted the standard 3-tier system in its selection of measures. In the first tier,
core measures included valid, robust, and widely applicable outcome measures with
proven utility in TBI from each identified domain, including global level of function,
neuropsychological impairment, psychological status, TBI-related symptoms, executive
functions, cognitive and physical activity limitations, social role participation,
and perceived health-related quality of life. In the second tier, supplemental measures
were recommended for consideration in TBI research focusing on specific topics or
populations. In the third tier, emerging measures included important instruments currently
under development, in the process of validation, or nearing the point of published
findings that have significant potential to be superior to some older (“legacy”) measures
in the core and supplemental lists and may eventually replace them as evidence for
their utility emerges.
Key Words
List of Abbreviations:
ADL (activity of daily living), ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Use Involvement Screening Test), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), BSI-18 (Brief Symptom Inventory 18), BVMT-R (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised), CDE (common data element), CHART (Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique), CHART-SF (Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form), Cog-FIM (FIM Cognition Subscale), COWAT (Controlled Oral Word Association Test), CRS-R (JFK Coma Recovery Scale–Revised), CWIT (Color-Word Interference Test), DRS (Disability Rating Scale), FAD (Family Assessment Device), FrSBe (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale), GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale), GOS-E (Glasgow Outcome Scale (Extended)), GPT (Grooved Pegboard Test), MCS (minimally conscious state), MPAI-4 (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory), MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2), MMPI-2-RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2, Restructured Form), NIH (National Institutes of Health), NINDS (National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke), NOS-TBI (Neurological Outcome Scale for Traumatic Brain Injury), NSI (Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory), PART (Participation Assessment With Recombined Tools), PCL-C (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List–Civilian Version), PCL-M (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List–Military Version), PCL-S (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Check List–Stressor Specific Version), PI (Participation Index), PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), QOLIBRI (Quality of Life After Brain Injury), RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), RPQ (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptom Questionnaire), SF-12 (Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form Health Survey), SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), SWLS (Satisfaction With Life Scale), TBI (traumatic brain injury), TBI-QOL (Traumatic Brain Injury–Quality of Life), TMT (Trail Making Test), VA (Veterans Affairs), WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition), WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition), WHO (World Health Organization), WRAT-4 (Wide Range Achievement Test, Fourth Edition)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Footnotes
Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and U.S. Department of Education/National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research.
No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.
Gale G. Whiteneck, PhD, is Chair of the Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes Workgroup.
Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the agencies or institutions with which they are affiliated, including the U.S. Department of VA, the U.S. DoD, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the NIH, the National Institute of Mental Health, the U.S. Department of Education, or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This work is not an official document, guidance, or policy of the U.S. Government, nor should any official endorsement be inferred.
Reprints are not available from the author.
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© 2010 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
