Abstract
Hoffman MD, Hoffman DR. Exercisers achieve greater acute exercise-induced mood enhancement
than nonexercisers.
Objective
To determine whether a single session of exercise of appropriate intensity and duration
for aerobic conditioning has a different acute effect on mood for nonexercisers than
regular exercisers.
Design
Repeated-measures design.
Setting
Research laboratory.
Participants
Adult nonexercisers, moderate exercisers, and ultramarathon runners (8 men, 8 women
in each group).
Interventions
Treadmill exercise at self-selected speeds to induce a rating of perceived exertion
(RPE) of 13 (somewhat hard) for 20 minutes, preceded and followed by 5 minutes at
an RPE of 9 (very light).
Main Outcome Measure
Profile of Mood States before and 5 minutes after exercise.
Results
Vigor increased by a mean ± standard deviation of 8±7 points (95% confidence interval
[CI], 5–12) among the ultramarathon runners and 5±4 points (95% CI, 2–9) among the
moderate exercisers, with no improvement among the nonexercisers. Fatigue decreased
by 5±6 points (95% CI, 2–8) for the ultramarathon runners and 4±4 points (95% CI,
1–7) for the moderate exercisers, with no improvement among the nonexercisers. Postexercise
total mood disturbance decreased by a mean of 21±16 points (95% CI, 12–29) among the
ultramarathon runners, 16±10 points (95% CI, 7–24) among the moderate exercisers,
and 9±13 points (95% CI, 1–18) among the nonexercisers.
Conclusions
A single session of moderate aerobic exercise improves vigor and decreases fatigue
among regular exercisers but causes no change in these scores for nonexercisers. Although
total mood disturbance improves postexercise in exercisers and nonexercisers, regular
exercisers have approximately twice the effect as nonexercisers. This limited postexercise
mood improvement among nonexercisers may be an important deterrent for persistence
with an exercise program.
Key Words
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No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.
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© 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
