Abstract
Krause JS, Broderick L. Outcomes after spinal cord injury: comparisons as a function
of gender and race and ethnicity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:355–62.
Objective
To identify gender and racial and ethnic differences in subjective well-being (SWB),
participation, and general health ratings in participants with spinal cord injury
(SCI).
Design
A multisite, cross-sectional study that used stratified sampling to identify and maximize
participation among groups of people traditionally underrepresented in SCI research.
Setting
Four Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems participated in the data collection. The primary
site was a large southeastern specialty hospital; the other 3 were in the western
and mountain regions of the United States.
Participants
A total of 512 participants, 475 of whom were included in the analysis. This group
included relatively equal portions of whites, African Americans, American Indians,
and Hispanics. Approximately 40% of the sample was women.
Interventions
Not applicable.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measures included 2 measures of SWB (Life Situation Questionnaire-Revised,
Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire), 1 measure of participation (Craig Handicap
Assessment and Reporting Technique), and several items from the Behavioral Risk Factor
Surveillance System.
Results
The majority of racial and ethnic differences in SWB related to specific life areas
(eg, economics, employment), rather than more global outcomes (eg, engagement, health),
with whites generally reporting the best outcomes, followed by African Americans.
American Indians, and whites generally reported the highest participation scores,
whereas limited differences were noted between the racial and ethnic groups on health
indicators. Women reported lower satisfaction with health, more poor mental health
days, and lower SWB related to home life, but higher SWB related to interpersonal
relations.
Conclusions
There are racial and ethnic differences in outcomes after SCI focused primarily on
subjective outcomes in areas in which racial and ethnic minorities have traditionally
been disadvantaged. The results of this study direct rehabilitation professionals
to the outcomes that need to be targeted for intervention to eliminate inequities
in outcomes for all persons with SCI.
Keywords
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Article info
Footnotes
☆Supported by the National Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, US Department of Education (grant no. H133G20200-93).
Identification
Copyright
© 2004 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
