Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 91, Issue 9 , Pages 1313-1318 , September 2010

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Manipulation With Mobilization for Recent Onset Neck Pain

Presented to the Australian Physiotherapy Association, October 1, 2009, Sydney, Australia.

  • Andrew M. Leaver, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to Andrew M. Leaver, PhD, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, 75 East St, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141 Australia
    • ,
  • Christopher G. Maher, PhD

      Affiliations

    • George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
    • ,
  • Robert D. Herbert, PhD

      Affiliations

    • George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
    • ,
  • Jane Latimer, PhD

      Affiliations

    • George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
    • ,
  • James H. McAuley, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
    • ,
  • Gwendolen Jull, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Physiotherapy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
    • ,
  • Kathryn M. Refshauge, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

References 

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  2. Magarey ME, Rebbeck T, Coughlan B, Grimmer K, Rivett DA, Refshauge K. Pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine review, revision and new clinical guidelines. Man Ther. 2004;9:95–108
  3. Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll L. The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey: the prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine. 1998;23:1689–1698
  4. Gatterman MI, Hansen DT. Development of chiropractic nomenclature through consensus. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17:302–309
  5. Refshauge KM, Parry S, Shirley D, Larsen D, Rivett D, Boland R. Professional responsibility in relation to cervical spine manipulation. Aust J Physiother. 2002;48:171–179
  6. Breen A, Breen A. Manipulation of the neck and stroke: time for more rigorous evidence. Med J Aust. 2002;176:364–365
  7. Cassidy JD, Boyle E, Cote P, et al. Risk of vertebrobasilar stroke and chiropractic care: results of a population-based case-control and case-crossover study. Spine. 2008;33:S176–S183
  8. Rothwell DM, Bondy SJ, Williams JI. Chiropractic manipulation and stroke: a population-based case-control study. Stroke. 2001;32:1054–1060
  9. Smith WS, Johnston SC, Skalabrin EJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy is an independent risk factor for vertebral artery dissection. Neurology. 2003;60:1424–1428
  10. Miley ML, Wellik KE, Wingerchuk DM, Demaerschalk BM. Does cervical manipulative therapy cause vertebral artery dissection and stroke?. Neurologist. 2008;14:66–73
  11. Mann T, Refshauge KM. Causes of complications from cervical spine manipulation. Aust J Physiother. 2001;47:255–266
  12. Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, Meeker WC, Shekelle PG. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine: a systematic review of the literature. Spine. 1996;21:1746–1759
  13. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans RL, Bouter LM. Efficacy of spinal manipulation and mobilization for low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Spine J. 2004;4:335–356
  14. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain: description of pain terms and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed.. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994;
  15. NHMRC. Acute neck pain. In: Evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain: a guide for clinicians Australian Acute Musculoskeletal Guidelines Group. Brisbane: Australia Academic Pr; 2004;p. 83–118
  16. Vernon H, Mior S. The neck disability index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:409–415
  17. Westaway MD, Stratford PW, Binkley JM. The patient-specific functional scale: validation of its use in persons with neck dysfunction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;27:331–338
  18. Ostelo RW, de Vet HC. Clinically important outcomes in low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19:593–607
  19. Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller S. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34:220–233
  20. Borkovec TD, Nau SD. Credibility of analogue therapy rationales. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1972;3:257–260
  21. Barrett AJ, Breen AC. Adverse effects of spinal manipulation. J R Soc Med. 2000;93:258–259
  22. Leaver AM, Refshauge KM, Maher CG, et al. Efficacy of manipulation for non-specific neck pain of recent onset: design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8:18
  23. Clark TG, Altman DG, De Stavola BL. Quantification of the completeness of follow-up. Lancet. 2002;359:1309–1310
  24. Kovacs FM, Abraira V, Royuela A, et al. Minimum detectable and minimal clinically important changes for pain in patients with nonspecific neck pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9:43
  25. Meeker WC, Haldeman S. Chiropractic: a profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:216–227
  26. Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, et al. Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:295–309
  27. Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, et al. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine. 2008;33:S75–S82
  28. Barrett AJ, Breen AC. Adverse effects of spinal manipulation. J R Soc Med. 2000;93:258–259
  29. Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang L-M. Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study. Spine. 2005;30:1477–1484

 Supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant no. 402686) and the University of Sydney.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

 Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12606000417583.

 Reprints are not available from the author.

PII: S0003-9993(10)00315-1

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.006

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 91, Issue 9 , Pages 1313-1318 , September 2010

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