Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 91, Issue 1 , Pages 20-29 , January 2010

Mortality After Discharge From Acute Care Hospitalization With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Study

  • Thomedi Ventura, MS

      Affiliations

    • MSPH/MPH Program, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
  • ,
  • Cynthia Harrison-Felix, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO
    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to Cynthia Harrison-Felix, PhD, Craig Hospital, 3425 S Clarkson St, Englewood, CO 80113
  • ,
  • Nichole Carlson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
  • ,
  • Carolyn DiGuiseppi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
    • School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
    • Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
  • ,
  • Barbara Gabella, MSPH

      Affiliations

    • Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO
  • ,
  • Allen Brown, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
  • ,
  • Michael DeVivo, DrPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
  • ,
  • Gale Whiteneck, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO
    • School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
    • Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO

References 

  1. Harrison-Felix C, Whiteneck G, DeVivo M, Hammond FM, Jha A. Mortality following rehabilitation in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems of Care. NeuroRehabilitation. 2004;19:45–54
  2. Shavelle RM, Strauss DJ, Day SM, Ojdana KA. Life expectancy. In:  Zasler ND,  Katz DI,  Zafonte RD editor. Brain injury medicine: principles and practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing; 2006;p. 247–261
  3. Bruns J, Hauser WA. The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury: a review. Epilepsia. 2003;44(Suppl 10):2–10
  4. Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center of Injury Prevention and Control; 2004;
  5. Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM. The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21:375–378
  6. Baguley I, Slewa-Younan S, Lazarus R, Green A. Long-term mortality trends in patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2000;14:505–512
  7. Brown AW, Leibson CL, Malec JF, Perkins PK, Diehl NN, Larson DR. Long-term survival after traumatic brain injury: a population-based analysis. NeuroRehabilitation. 2004;19:37–43
  8. Donohue JT, Clark DE, DeLorenzo MA. Long-term survival of Medicare patients with head injury. J Trauma. 2007;62:419–423
  9. Flaada JT, Leibson CL, Mandrekar JN, et al. Relative risk of mortality after traumatic brain injury: a population-based study of the role of age and injury severity. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:435–445
  10. Harrison-Felix C, Whiteneck G, DeVivo MJ, Hammond FM, Jha A. Causes of death following 1 year postinjury among individuals with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21:22–33
  11. Selassie AW, McCarthy ML, Ferguson PL, Tian J, Langlois JA. Risk of posthospitalization mortality among persons with traumatic brain injury, South Carolina 1999-2001. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005;20:257–269
  12. Shavelle RM, Strauss D, Whyte J, Day SM, Yu YL. Long-term causes of death after traumatic brain injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;80:510–516
  13. Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Anderson TW. Long-term survival of children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:1095–1100
  14. Marr A, Coronado V. Central nervous system injury surveillance data submission standards—2002. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2004;
  15. National Center for Health Statistics. International classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification (ICD-10-CM). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm.htmAccessed November 19, 2009
  16. World Health Organization. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: 10th revision. http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/2006;Accessed November 13, 2008
  17. U.S. Census Bureau. Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/metrodef.html2008;Accessed November 13, 2008
  18. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1990: update 98. Barrington: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 1998;
  19. Southern DA, Quan H, Ghali WA. Comparison of the Elixhauser and Charlson/Deyo methods of comorbidity measurement in administrative data. Med Care. 2004;42:355–360
  20. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Concept: complications and comorbidities. http://mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/viewConcept.php?conceptID=10992008;Accessed November 13, 2008
  21. Lai D, Hardy RJ, Tsai SP. Statistical analysis of the standardized mortality ratio and life expectancy. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:832–840
  22. DeVivo MJ. Estimating life expectancy for use in determining lifetime costs of care. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2002;7:49–58
  23. Collett D. Modelling survival data in medical research. New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2003;
  24. Rosner B. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 6th ed.. Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole; 2006;
  25. Ratcliff G, Colantonio A, Escobar M, Chase S, Vernich L. Long-term survival following traumatic brain injury. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:305–314
  26. Stevens JA, Sogolow ED. Gender differences for non-fatal unintentional fall related injuries among older adults. Inj Prev. 2005;11:115–119
  27. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare enrollment by state, age group and entitlement for year 2002 as of July 1. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/MedicareEnRpts/Downloads/Sageall02.pdf2008;Accessed November 13, 2008
  28. Farmer JE, Clark MJ, Sherman AK. Rural versus urban social support seeking as a moderating variable in traumatic brain injury outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003;18:116–127
  29. Foreman BP, Caesar RR, Parks J, et al. Usefulness of the abbreviated injury score and the injury severity score in comparison to the Glasgow Coma Scale in predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2007;62:946–950
  30. Anderson RN, Miniño AM, Hoyert DL, Rosenberg HM. Comparability of cause of death between ICD-9 and ICD-10: preliminary estimates. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2001;49:1–32

 Supported by the Colorado Traumatic Brain Injury Trust Fund Research Program (Colorado Department of Human Services). DiGuiseppi was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant no. R49/CCR811509). The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

 Reprints are not available from the author.

PII: S0003-9993(09)00766-7

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.08.151

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 91, Issue 1 , Pages 20-29 , January 2010