Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 11, Supplement , Pages S41-S51, November 2009

Further Development of the Multiple Errands Test: Standardized Scoring, Reliability, and Ecological Validity for the Baycrest Version

Presented to the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 1, 2006; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Society of Neurorehabilitation, Chicago, IL, September 30, 2005; and the International Neuropsychological Association, St Louis, MO, February 4, 2005.

  • Deirdre R. Dawson, PhD, OT Reg (ON)

      Affiliations

    • Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Deirdre R. Dawson, PhD, OT Reg (ON), Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M6A 2E1
    • ,
  • Nicole D. Anderson, PhD, CPsych

      Affiliations

    • Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Paul Burgess, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Erin Cooper, MA

      Affiliations

    • Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Katherine M. Krpan, MA

      Affiliations

    • Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Donald T. Stuss, PhD, CPsych

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Abstract 

Dawson DR, Anderson ND, Burgess P, Cooper E, Krpan KM, Stuss DT. Further development of the Multiple Errands Test: standardized scoring, reliability, and ecological validity for the Baycrest version.

Objectives

(1) To determine the summary scores on the Baycrest Multiple Errands Test (BMET) that best discriminate between community dwelling people with traumatic brain injury or stroke and matched controls; (2) to determine interrater reliability; (3) to evaluate further the ecological validity.

Design

Case-control.

Setting

Large, university-affiliated health care center and participants' homes.

Participants

People with acquired brain injury (n=27) and healthy matched controls (n=25).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

(1) BMET; (2) performance-based measure of instrumental activities of daily living: the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills; (3) self-report and significant other report of daily life function, the Dysexecutive Questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile, and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory.

Results

Performance on the BMET was significantly different between people with acquired brain injury and controls (P<.05); good to strong correlations (>.50) were found in more than one third of the correlations between the BMET and measures of IADL and everyday function. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) on BMET summary scores were high (ICC=.71–.88), illustrating very good interrater reliability.

Conclusions

This study extends the psychometric findings of the Multiple Errands Test, thus further confirming its value for clinical and research purposes. It is a reliable and ecologically valid assessment that provides a standard way of categorizing executive performance errors in a naturalistic environment.

Key Words: Brain injuries, Cognition, Rehabilitation, Stroke

List of Abbreviations: ABI, acquired brain injury, AMPS, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, BMET, Baycrest Multiple Errands Test, CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test, DEX, Dysexecutive Questionnaire intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient, MET, Multiple Errands Test, MPAI, Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory, SIP, Sickness Impact Profile, TBI, traumatic brain injury, WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

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 Supported by the McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Collaborative Activity Award and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Center for Stroke Recovery.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(09)00674-1

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.07.012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 11, Supplement , Pages S41-S51, November 2009

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