Tobacco Use and Recovery of Gait and Balance Function in Older Adults
Abstract
Bishop MD, Robinson ME, Light KE. Tobacco use and recovery of gait and balance function in older adults.
Objective
To examine the influence of tobacco use status on outcome after an exercise program designed to improve gait and balance.
Design
Review of clinical database.
Setting
Standardized assessment clinic in a tertiary care setting.
Participants
Patients (N=136, 77.2±5.8y, 3 women) who were attending a Gait and Balance Disorders clinic.
Interventions
Individualized home exercise programs based on findings of an extensive gait and mobility examination. Patients were evaluated every 4 weeks for 12 weeks.
Main Outcome Measures
Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey Physical Functioning subscale (SF-36 PF). Differences were assessed preintervention, and separate hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine the unique contribution of tobacco use to changes in each of primary outcome measures.
Results
Current tobacco users had higher frequencies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P=.009) and depression (0.037). No differences were noted on preintervention measures of the primary outcomes based on tobacco use. Tobacco use explained a significant amount of additional variance in the postintervention score on each of the primary outcomes (BBS, 25.4%; DGI, 8.7%; SF-36 PF, 30.3%) after controlling for preintervention score, depression, and limb strength. Inspection of the adjusted means indicated that the group that had never used tobacco showed greater improvement than the current users for all variables after adjusting for factors used in the regression models.
Conclusions
Older adults who never used tobacco showed greater improvement than the current users for all variables after adjusting for factors used in the regression models. Current tobacco users perceived themselves to be more limited by their health after participation in the rehabilitation exercise program.
aDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
bClinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Correspondence to Mark D. Bishop, PhD, PO Box 100154, Gainesville, FL 32610-0154
Supported in part by the Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, and the James and Esther King Biomedical Research Program (grant no. 04NIR15).
No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.
ABSTRACT