Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 8 , Pages 1364-1370 , August 2009

Predictors and Outcomes of Antibiotic Adequacy for Bloodstream Infections in Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury

Presented in part as a poster to the American Paraplegia Society, August 27–29, 2007, Orlando, FL.

  • Charlesnika T. Evans, MPH, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Veterans Affairs, Spinal Cord Injury Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, Center for Management of Complex Chronic Care, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL
    • Institute for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Charlesnika T. Evans, MPH, PhD, Edward J. Hines Jr. VA Hospital (151H), 5th Ave and Roosevelt Rd, PO Box 5000, Room D302, Hines, IL 60141
    • ,
  • Stephen P. Burns, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Washington and Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • Amy Chin, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Veterans Affairs, Spinal Cord Injury Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, Center for Management of Complex Chronic Care, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL
    • ,
  • Frances M. Weaver, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Veterans Affairs, Spinal Cord Injury Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, Center for Management of Complex Chronic Care, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL
    • Institute for Healthcare Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
    • Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
    • ,
  • Ronald C. Hershow, MD

      Affiliations

    • School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL

References 

  1. Evans CT, Lavela SL, Weaver FM, et al. Epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections in veterans with spinal cord injury and disorder. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:234–242
  2. Darouiche RO. Infection and spinal cord injury. In:  Lin V,  Cardenas DD,  Cutter NS, et al. editor. Spinal cord medicine principles and practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing; 2003;p. 201–207
  3. DeVivo MJ, Stover SL. Long-term survival and causes of death. In:  Stover SL,  DeLisa JA,  Whiteneck GG editor. Spinal cord injury clinical outcomes from the model systems. 1st ed.. Gaithersburg: Aspen Publishers, Inc; 1995;p. 289–316
  4. Waites KB, Canupp KC, Chen Y, DeVivo MJ, Moser SA. Bacteremia after spinal cord injury in initial versus subsequent hospitalizations. J Spinal Cord Med. 2001;24:96–100
  5. Wall BM, Mangold T, Huch KM, Corbett C, Cooke CR. Bacteremia in the chronic spinal cord injury population: risk factors for mortality. J Spinal Cord Med. 2003;26:248–253
  6. Bhatt K, Cid E, Maiman D. Bacteremia in the spinal cord injury population. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1987;10:11–14
  7. Montgomerie JZ, Chan E, Gilmore DS, Canawati HN, Sapico FL. Low mortality among patients with spinal cord injury and bacteremia. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:867–871
  8. Ibrahim EH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest. 2000;118:146–155
  9. McDonald JR, Friedman ND, Stout JE, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for ineffective therapy in patients with bloodstream infection. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:308–313
  10. Leibovici L, Konisberger H, Pitlik SD, Samra Z, Drucker M. Patients at risk for inappropriate antibiotic treatment of bacteraemia. J Intern Med. 1992;231:371–374
  11. Zaragoza R, Artero A, Camarena JJ, Sancho S, Gonzalez R, Nogueira JM. The influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment on patients with bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9:412–418
  12. Leibovici L, Shraga I, Drucker M, Konigsberger H, Samra Z, Pitlik SD. The benefit of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment in patients with bloodstream infection. J Intern Med. 1998;244:379–386
  13. McGregor JC, Rich SE, Harris AD, et al. A systematic review of the methods used to assess the association between appropriate antibiotic therapy and mortality in bacteremic patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:329–337
  14. Harbarth S, Nobre V, Pittet D. Does antibiotic selection impact patient outcome?. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:87–93
  15. Mylotte JM, Graham R, Kahler L, Young L, Goodnough S. Epidemiology of nosocomial infection and resistant organisms in patients admitted for the first time to an acute rehabilitation unit. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:425–432
  16. Mylotte JM, Kahler L, Graham R, Young L, Goodnough S. Prospective surveillance for antibiotic-resistant organisms in patients with spinal cord injury admitted to an acute rehabilitation unit. Am J Infect Control. 2000;28:291–297
  17. Waites KB, Chen Y, DeVivo MJ, Canupp KC, Moser SA. Antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from the urinary tract in community-residing persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:764–769
  18. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; nineteenth informational supplement (M100-S18). [CLSI document M100-S19] Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2009;
  19. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control. 1988;16:128–140
  20. Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, et al. Health care–associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:791–797
  21. Ezell ME, Land KC, Cohen LE. Modeling multiple failure time data: a survey of variance-corrected proportional hazards models with empirical applications to arrest data. Sociol Methodol. 2003;33:111–167
  22. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S, Fraser VJ. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest. 1999;115:462–474
  23. Leibovici L, Paul M, Poznanski O, et al. Monotherapy versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination treatment for gram-negative bacteremia: a prospective, observational study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:1127–1133
  24. Montgomerie JZ. Infections in patients with spinal cord injuries. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:1285–1290
  25. Guihan M, Manheim LM, Smith B. Examination of the variability in costs of health care for spinal cord injury in VA SCI Centers. Hines (IL): Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service; 2001;
  26. Livermore DM. Bacterial resistance: origins, epidemiology, and impact. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(Suppl 1):S11–S23
  27. Shehab N, Patel PR, Srinivasan A, Budnitz DS. Emergency department visits for antibiotic-associated adverse events. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:735–743

 Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development, Health Services Research and Development Service (grant no. SCI 98-000). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(09)00310-4

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 8 , Pages 1364-1370 , August 2009

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