Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 5 , Pages 803-809 , May 2009

Validity for the Simplified Water Displacement Instrument to Measure Arm Lymphedema as a Result of Breast Cancer Surgery

  • Åse Sagen, PT, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Åse Sagen, PT, MS, Cancer and Surgical Division, Ullevaal University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0407 Oslo, Norway
    • ,
  • Rolf Kåresen, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
    • ,
  • Per Skaane, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
    • ,
  • May Arna Risberg, PT, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation, Orthopedic Center, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

  • Image Result

    (A–C) The simplified water displacement technique.

    (A–C) The simplified water displacement technique.

  • Image Result

    (A) CT scan and MRI. (B) HU areas and CT density for upper arm and forearm.

    (A) CT scan and MRI. (B) HU areas and CT density for upper arm and forearm.

  • Image Result

    SI in MRI T2-weighted images in the affected forearm (B) and the upper arm (C) with the corresponding control limbs (A and D). Upper images: increased SI in the (B) affected forearm in the subcutaneou

    SI in MRI T2-weighted images in the affected forearm (B) and the upper arm (C) with the corresponding control limbs (A and D). Upper images: increased SI in the (B) affected forearm in the subcutaneous tissue area visualizing a “honeycomb pattern.” (B) There is also skin edema. (A) The control limb. Lower images: increased SI in the (C) affected upper arm in the subcutaneous tissue area and (C) a considerable skin edema. (D) The control limb.

  • Image Result
    (A) Correlation between arm volume (SWDI) on the affected side and total CSA of the affected upper arm. (B) Correlation between arm volume (SWDI) on the affected side and CSA of subcutaneous tissue of

    (A) Correlation between arm volume (SWDI) on the affected side and total CSA of the affected upper arm. (B) Correlation between arm volume (SWDI) on the affected side and CSA of subcutaneous tissue of the affected upper arm.

 Supported by the Health and Rehabilitation, the Norwegian Cancer Society, and The Norwegian Women's Public Health Association.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(09)00134-8

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.11.016

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 5 , Pages 803-809 , May 2009

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