Incidence of Gait Abnormalities After Traumatic Brain Injury

Kinematic data for TBI and healthy controls. These graphs demonstrate joint movement during 1 complete gait cycle in each of the 3 planes. Each graph begins at initial foot strike. The vertical dashed line represents toe-off for the TBI cohort, and the adjacent vertical solid line represents toe-off for the HCs. The portion of the graph from initial foot strike to the toe-off line represents joint movement during stance phase, while swing phase movement is to the right of the toe-off line. The position of the joint or body segment in degrees is represented along the y-axis. The shaded portion of the graph represents the 95% CIs for movement in the HC population. The solid black line and the lightly dashed lines represent the mean and ±2 SD for the TBI population, respectively. Abbreviations: Abd, abduction; Add, adduction; Ant, anterior; DF, dorsiflexion; Flex, flexion; FS, foot strike; Ev, eversion; Extn, extension; Ext, external; Int, internal; Inv, inversion; PF, plantarflexion; Post, posterior; TO, toe-off; Var, varus; Val, valgus.

Pelvic rotation abnormality. (A) A patient with the clinical presentation of ataxia demonstrating substantial variability in performance between trials, yet no asymmetry. (B) A patient with dense hemiparesis demonstrating significant pelvic asymmetry, but little variability, clinically referred to as left pelvic retraction. The left side is represented by solid lines, the right side by dotted lines, and the grey shadow represents the 95% CI for normal pelvic rotation during gait. Abbreviations: Ext, external; FS, foot strike; Int, internal; TO, toe-off.