Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 3 , Pages 402-406 , March 2009

Expert Opinion and Controversies in Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine: Stingers

References 

  1. Dimberg EL, Burns TM. Management of common neurologic conditions in sports. Clin Sports Med. 2005;24:637–662
  2. Krivickas LS, Wilbourn AJ. Sports and peripheral nerve injuries: report of 190 injuries evaluated in a single electromyography laboratory. Muscle Nerve. 1998;21:1092–1094
  3. Castro FP. Stingers, cervical cord neurapraxia, and stenosis. Clin Sports Med. 2003;22:483–492
  4. Kelly JD, Aliquo D, Sitler MR, Odgers C, Moyer RA. Association of burners with cervical canal and foraminal stenosis. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:214–217
  5. Levitz CL, Reilly PJ, Torg JS. The pathomechanics of chronic, recurrent cervical nerve root neuropraxia (The chronic burner syndrome). Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:73–76
  6. Weinstein SM. Assessment and rehabilitation of the athlete with a “stinger” (A model for the management of noncatastrophic athletic cervical spine injury). Clin Sports Med. 1998;17:127–135
  7. Weinberg J, Rokito S, Silber JS. Etiology, treatment, and prevention of athletic “stingers”. Clin Sports Med. 2003;22:493–500
  8. Sward L, Hellstrom M, Jacobsson B, et al. Back pain and radiologic changes in the thoraco-lumbar spine of athletes. Spine. 1990;15:124–129
  9. Herzog RJ, Wiens JJ, Dillingham MF, Sontag MJ. Normal cervical spine morphometry and cervical spinal stenosis in asymptomatic professional football players (Plain film radiography, multiplanar computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging). Spine. 1991;16:S178–S186
  10. Meyer SA, Schulte KR, Callaghan JJ, et al. Cervical spinal stenosis and stingers in collegiate football players. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22:158–166
  11. Clancy WG, Brand RL, Bergfield JA. Upper trunk brachial plexus injuries in contact sports. Am J Sports Med. 1977;5:209–216
  12. Di Benedetto M, Markey K. Electrodiagnostic localization of traumatic upper trunk brachial plexopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984;65:15–17
  13. Markey K, Di Benedetto M, Curl WW. Upper trunk brachial plexopathy (The stinger syndrome). Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:650–655
  14. Robertson WC, Eichman PL, Clancy WG. Upper trunk brachial plexopathy in football players. JAMA. 1979;241:1480–1482
  15. Page S, Guy JA. Neurapraxia, “stingers,” and spinal stenosis in athletes. South Med J. 2004;97:766–769
  16. Lauder TD, Dillingham TR, Andary M, et al. Predicting electrodiagnostic outcome in patients with upper limb symptoms: are the history and physical examination helpful?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:436–441
  17. American College of Sports Medicine. The team physician and return-to-play issues: a consensus statement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34:1212–1214
  18. Vaccaro AR, Watkins B, Albert TJ, Pfaff WL, Klein GR, Silber JS. Cervical spine injuries in athletes: current return-to-play criteria. Orthopedics. 2001;24:699–703
  19. Gorden JA, Straub SJ, Swanik CB, Swanik KA. Effects of football collars on cervical hyperextension and lateral flexion. J Athl Train. 2003;38:209–215

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.

 Reprints are not available from the authors.

PII: S0003-9993(08)01702-4

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.09.569

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 3 , Pages 402-406 , March 2009