Effects of Single-Task Versus Dual-Task Training on Balance Performance in Older Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Flow diagram of participant progress through phases of randomized controlled trial.

Bar graph of change (posttesting – baseline) on self-selected walking speed under a dual-task condition (walking + mathematics task) by group (mean ± SE). Solid bar represents single-task balance training group (ST); lined bar represents dual-task training with fixed-priority instructions (FP); hatched bar represents dual-task training with variable-priority instructions (VP). Significant baseline to postintervention changes indicated by asterisk above bar. Group differences indicated by horizontal lines above bars, with a nonsignificant difference designated by NS.

Scatter plot with line of equivalence of self-selected walking speed under a dual-task condition (walking + mathematics task) before and after the training. Circle represents the single-task balance training group (ST); triangle represents the dual-task training with fixed-priority instructions (FP); rectangle represents the dual-task training with variable-priority instructions (VP). Participants above the line of equivalence improved after training.