Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 3 , Pages 447-453 , March 2009

Joint-Position Sense and Kinesthesia in Cerebral Palsy

Presented to the Annual American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, September 13–16, 2006, Boston, MA.

  • Jason R. Wingert, PhD, MPT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Jason R. Wingert, PhD, MPT, Dept of Health and Wellness, WHC CPO #2730, UNC Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804
    • ,
  • Harold Burton, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Robert J. Sinclair, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Janice E. Brunstrom, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Diane L. Damiano, PhD, PT

      Affiliations

    • Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

References 

  1. Gandevia SC, Refshauge KM, Collins DF. Proprioception: peripheral inputs and perceptual interactions. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;508:61–68
  2. Burtner PA, Qualls C, Woollacott MH. Muscle activation characteristics of stance balance control in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 1998;8:163–174
  3. Liao HF, Hwang AW. Relations of balance function and gross motor ability for children with cerebral palsy. Percept Mot Skills. 2003;96:1173–1184
  4. Cooper J, Majnemer A, Rosenblatt B, Birnbaum R. The determination of sensory deficits in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol. 1995;10:300–309
  5. Himmelmann K, Hagberg G, Beckung E, Hagberg B, Uvebrant P. The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden, IX: prevalence and origin in the birth-year period 1995-1998. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94:287–294
  6. Opila-Lehman J, Short MA, Trombly CA. Kinesthetic recall of children with athetoid and spastic cerebral palsy and of non-handicapped children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1985;27:223–230
  7. Brown JK, van Rensburg F, Walsh G, Lakie M, Wright GW. A neurological study of hand function of hemiplegic children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1987;29:287–304
  8. Hohman LB, Baker L, Reed R. Sensory disturbances in children with infantile hemiplegia, triplegia, and quadriplegia. Am J Phys Med. 1958;37:1–6
  9. Jones B. The perception of passive joint-movements by cerebral-palsied children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1976;18:25–30
  10. Kenney WE. Certain sensory defects in cerebral palsy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1963;(27):193–195
  11. McLaughlin JF, Felix SD, Nowbar S, Ferrel A, Bjornson K, Hays RM. Lower extremity sensory function in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Rehabil. 2005;8:45–52
  12. Tachdjian MO, Minear WL. Sensory disturbances in the hands of children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1958;40:85–90
  13. Tizard JP, Paine RS, Crothers B. Disturbances of sensation in children with hemiplegia. JAMA. 1954;155:628–632
  14. Uvebrant P. Hemiplegic cerebral palsy: aetiology and outcome. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1988;345:1–100
  15. Van Heest AE, House J, Putnam M. Sensibility deficiencies in the hands of children with spastic hemiplegia. J Hand Surg Am. 1993;18:278–281
  16. Jones MH. Management of hemiplegic children with peripheral sensory loss. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1960;7:765–775
  17. Palisano RJ, Hanna SE, Rosenbaum PL, et al. Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2000;80:974–985
  18. Eliasson AC, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Rosblad B, et al. The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48:549–554
  19. Raczkowski D, Kalat JW, Nebes R. Reliability and validity of some handedness questionnaire items. Neuropsychologia. 1974;12:43–47
  20. Wingert JR, Burton H, Sinclair RJ, Brunstrom JE, Damiano DL. Tactile sensory abilities in cerebral palsy: deficits in roughness and object discrimination. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50:1–7
  21. Nagae LM, Hoon AH, Stashinko E, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging in children with periventricular leukomalacia: variability of injuries to white matter tracts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:1213–1222
  22. Friden J, Lieber RL. Spastic muscle cells are shorter and stiffer than normal cells. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27:157–164
  23. Dietz V. Proprioception and locomotor disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3:781–790
  24. Jones KE, Wessberg J, Vallbo A. Proprioceptive feedback is reduced during adaptation to a visuomotor transformation: preliminary findings. Neuroreport. 2001;12:4029–4033
  25. O'Dwyer NJ, Ada L, Neilson PD. Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke. Brain. 1996;119:1737–1749
  26. Lieber RL, Friden J. Spasticity causes a fundamental rearrangement of muscle-joint interaction. Muscle Nerve. 2002;25:265–270
  27. Rameckers EA, Smits-Engelsman BC, Duysens J. Children with spastic hemiplegia are equally able as controls in maintaining a precise percentage of maximum force without visually monitoring their performance. Neuropsychologia. 2005;43:1938–1945
  28. Behrman AL, Bowden MG, Nair PM. Neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury and training: an emerging paradigm shift in rehabilitation and walking recovery. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1406–1425

 Supported by the United Cerebral Palsy Research and Education Foundation, the Foundation for Physical Therapy Promotion of Doctoral Studies Scholarship, the Ogle family, and the National Institutes of Health (grant nos. NS054413 and NS31005).

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(08)01647-X

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.08.217

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 3 , Pages 447-453 , March 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution