Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 1 , Pages 51-57 , January 2009

Can the Six-Minute Walk Test Predict Peak Oxygen Uptake in Men With Heart Transplant?

References 

  1. Borrelli E, Pogliaghi S, Molinello A, Diciolla F, Maccherini M. Serial assessment of peak VO2 and VO2 kinetics early after heart transplantation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1798–1804
  2. Mandak JS, Aaronson KD, Mancini DM. Serial assessment of exercise capacity after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1995;14:468–478
  3. Braith RW, DG Edwards. Exercise following heart transplantation. Sports Med. 2000;30:171–192
  4. Marconi C, Marzorati M. Exercise after heart transplantation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;90:250–259
  5. Myers JL, Gullestad L, Bellin D, Ross H, Vagelos R, Fowler M. Physical activity patterns and exercise performance in cardiac transplant recipients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2003;23:100–106
  6. Schwaiblmair M, von Scheidt W, Uberfuhr P, Reichart B, Vogelmeier C. Lung function and cardiopulmonary exercise performance after heart transplantation: influence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Chest. 1999;116:332–339
  7. Osada N, Chaitman BR, Donohue TJ, Wolford TL, Stelken AM, Miller LW. Long-term cardiopulmonary exercise performance after heart transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:451–456
  8. Geny B, Charloux A, Lampert E, Lonsdorfer J, Haberey P, Piquard F. Enhanced brain natriuretic peptide response to peak exercise in heart transplant recipients. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85:2270–2276
  9. Geny B, Piquard F, Follenius M, et al. Role of cardiac innervation in atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in transplanted heart recipients. Am J Physiol. 1993;265:F112–F118
  10. Richard R, Zoll J, Mettauer B, Piquard F, Geny B. Counterpoint: cardiac denervation does not play a major role in exercise limitation after heart transplantation. J Appl Physiol. 2008;104:560–562discussion 562-4
  11. Lanfranconi F, Borrelli E, Ferri A, et al. Non invasive evaluation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism after heart transplant. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:1374–1383
  12. Politi P, Piccinelli M, Poli PF, et al. Ten years of “extended” life: quality of life among heart transplantation survivors. Transplantation. 2004;78:257–263
  13. Schwaiblmair M, von Scheidt W, Uberfuhr P, et al. Functional significance of cardiac reinnervation in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1999;18:838–845
  14. Richard R, Verdier JC, Doutreleau S, Piquard F, Gény B, Rieu M. Exercise limitation in trained heart and kidney transplant recipients: central and peripheral limitations. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24:1774–1780
  15. Andreassen AK, Kvernebo K, Jørgensen B, Simonsen S, Kjekshus J, Gullestad L. Exercise capacity in heart transplant recipients: relation to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the peripheral microcirculation. Am Heart J. 1998;136:320–328
  16. Vanhees L, Stevens A, Schepers D, Defoor J, Rademakers F, Fagard R. Determinants of the effects of physical training and of the complications requiring resuscitation during exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11:304–312
  17. Solway S, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, Thomas S. A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain. Chest. 2001;119:256–270
  18. Cahalin LP, Mathier M, Semigran M, Dec W, DiSalvo T. The six-minute walk test predicts peak oxygen uptake and survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Chest. 1996;110:325–332
  19. Cahalin LP, Pappagianopoulos P, Prevost S, Wain J, Ginns L. The relationship of the 6-min walk test to maximal oxygen consumption in transplant candidates with end-stage lung disease. Chest. 1995;108:452–459
  20. Newman AB, Simonsick E, Naydeck B, et al. Association of long-distance corridor walk performance with mortality, cardiovascular disease, mobility limitation, and disability. JAMA. 2006;295:2018–2026
  21. Chetta A, Zanini A, Pisi G, et al. Reference values for the 6-min walk test in healthy subjects 20-50 years old. Respir Med. 2006;100:1573–1578
  22. Camarri B, Eastwood PR, Cecins NM, Thompson PJ, Jenkins S. Six minute walk distance in healthy subjects aged 55-75 years. Respir Med. 2006;100:658–665
  23. Maldonado-Martin SP, Brubaker PH, Kaminsky LA, Moore BJ, Stewart KP, Kitzman DW. The relationship of a 6-min walk to VO(2 peak) and VT in older heart failure patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38:1047–1053
  24. Rostagno C, Olivo G, Comeglio M, et al. Prognostic value of 6-minute walk corridor test in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: comparison with other methods of functional evaluation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2003;5:247–252
  25. Oudiz RJ, Barst RJ, Hansen JE, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and six-minute walk correlations in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:123–126
  26. Provencher S, Chemla D, Herve P, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Simonneau G. Heart rate responses during the 6-minute walk test in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2006;27:114–120
  27. Riess KJ, Gourishankar S, Oreopoulos A, et al. Impaired arterial compliance and aerobic endurance in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2006;82:920–923
  28. Ingle L, Goode K, Rigby AS, Cleland JG, Clark AL. Predicting peak oxygen uptake from 6-min walk test performance in male patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006;8:198–202
  29. Lipkin DP, Scriven AJ, Crake T, Poole-Wilson PA. Six minute walking test for assessing exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292:653–655
  30. Lewis ME, Newall C, Townend JN, Hill SL, Bonser RS. Incremental shuttle walk test in the assessment of patients for heart transplantation. Heart. 2001;86:183–187
  31. Schiller NB, Shah P, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography (American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1989;2:358–367
  32. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111–117
  33. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:1384–1387
  34. Carter R, Holiday D, Nwasuruba C, Stocks J, Grothues C, Tiep B. 6-Minute walk work for assessment of functional capacity in patients with COPD. Chest. 2003;123:1408–1415
  35. Arnardottir RH, Emtner M, Hedenstrom H, Larsson K, Boman G. Peak exercise capacity estimated from incremental shuttle walking test in patients with COPD: a methodological study. Respir Res. 2006;7:127–133
  36. Chuang ML, Lin IF, Wasserman K. The body weight-walking distance product as related to lung function, anaerobic threshold and peak VO2 in COPD patients. Respir Med. 2001;95:618–626
  37. Wasserman K, Stringer W, Casaburi R, Koike A, Cooper CB. Determination of the anaerobic threshold by gas exchange: biochemical considerations, methodology and physiological effects. Z Kardiol. 1994;83:1–12
  38. Hansen JE, Sue D, Wasserman K. Predicted values for clinical exercise testing. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129:S49–S55
  39. Geny B, Saini J, Mettauer B, et al. Effect of short term endurance training on exercise capacity, hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in heart transplant recipients. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;73:259–266
  40. Mettauer B, Lampert E, Petitjean P, et al. Persistent exercise intolerance following cardiac transplantation despite normal oxygen transport. Int J Sports Med. 1996;17:277–286
  41. Geny B, Schaefer A, Epailly E, Thiranos JC, Richard R, Piquard F. Does decreased taurine participate in reduced exercise capacity after heart transplantation?. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2006;25:997–998
  42. Schaefer A, Piquard F, Doutreleau S, et al. Reduced exercise capacity is associated with reduced nitric oxide production after heart transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:821–822
  43. Leyh RG, Jahnke AW, Kraatz EG, Sievers HH. Cardiovascular dynamics and dimensions after bicaval and standard cardiac transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:1495–1500
  44. Zoll J, N'Guessan B, Ribera F, et al. Preserved response of mitochondrial function to short-term endurance training in skeletal muscle of heart transplant recipients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:126–132
  45. Enright PL. The six-minute walk test. Respir Care. 2003;48:783–785
  46. Guyatt GH, Sullivan M, Thompson P, et al. The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Can Med Assoc J. 1985;132:919–923
  47. Guyatt GH, Townsend M, Keller J, Singer J, Nogradi S. Measuring functional status in chronic lung disease: conclusions from a randomized control trial. Respir Med. 1991;85:17–21discussion 33-7
  48. Geny B, Charloux A, Brandenberger G, Piquard F. Despite cardiac denervation, atrial natriuretic peptides possess a cardiac sympathoinhibitory effect after heart transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:1417–1418
  49. Browning RC, Baker E, Herron JA, Kram R. Effects of obesity and sex on the energetic cost and preferred speed of walking. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:390–398
  50. Melanson EL, Bell M, Knoll J, et al. Body mass index and sex influence the energy cost of walking at self-selected speeds [abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:S183
  51. Foster GD, Wadden T, Kendrick Z, Letizia KA, Lander DP, Conill AM. The energy cost of walking before and after significant weight loss. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:888–894

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(08)01537-2

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.010

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 90, Issue 1 , Pages 51-57 , January 2009