« Previous
Next »
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 12,
Supplement
, Pages S3-S15
, December 2008
Recovery of Cognitive Function After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis of Canadian Outcomes
References
- . Neuropsychological assessment. 3rd ed.. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1995;
- Is there a trade-off between cognitive and motor recovery after traumatic brain injury due to competition for limited neural resources?. Brain Cogn. 2006;60:199–201
- . Neurobehavioral outcome of closed-head injury: implications for clinical-trials. J Neurotrauma. 1995;12:601–610
- . Neuropsychological recovery in head injury. Arch Neurol. 1983;40:333–338
- . Neuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head injury. Neuropsychology. 1995;9:80–90
- Five years after traumatic brain injury: a study of individual outcomes and predictors of change in function. NeuroRehabilitation. 2004;19:25–35
- . Long-term recovery course after traumatic brain injury: a comparison of the functional independence measure and disability rating scale. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2001;16:318–329
- Recovery at one year following isolated traumatic brain injury: a Western Trauma Association prospective multicenter trial. J Trauma. 2005;59:1298–1304
- . Predicting one year clinical outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the beginning of rehabilitation. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005;93:207–208
- . Recovery of automatic and cognitive functions in traumatic brain injury using the functional independence measure. Brain Inj. 1996;10:901–910
- . Functional outcome after rehabilitation for severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:1103–1112
- . Does intensive rehabilitation improve the functional outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)? (a randomized controlled trial). Brain Inj. 2007;21:681–690
- . Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1981;44:285–293
- Predictors of outcome following severe head trauma: follow-up data from the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Brain Inj. 1993;7:101–111
- . Prediction of discharge status of persons with brain injury in rehabilitation. Int J Rehabil Res. 2003;26:251–255
- . Relationship of motor and cognitive abilities to functional performance in stroke rehabilitation. Brain Inj. 2001;15:443–453
- . Validation of a model for evaluating outcome after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1803–1807
- Acute predictors of return to employment after traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal follow-up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:635–641
- . Outcome after traumatic brain injury: pathway analysis of contributions from premorbid, injury severity, and recovery variables. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:300–305
- . Outcome after traumatic brain injury: effects of aging on recovery. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1815–1823
- . Prediction of long-term occupational performance outcomes for adults after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28:547–559
- . Early cognitive status and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: findings from the TBI Model Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:183–192
- . Effect of severity of post-traumatic confusion and its constituent symptoms on outcome after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:42–47
- . Prospective comparison of acute confusion severity with duration of post-traumatic amnesia in predicting employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:872–876
- . Occupational categories and return to work after traumatic brain injury: a multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:1576–1582
- . Vocational outcomes after brain injury in a patient population evaluated for Life Care Plan reliability. NeuroRehabilitation. 2006;21:305–314
- . Psychosocial outcomes 1-7 years after comprehensive milieu-oriented neurorehabilitation: the role of pre-injury status. Brain Inj. 2006;20:601–612
- . Return to work following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2006;20:1037–1046
- . Self-rated competency in activities predicts functioning and participation one year after traumatic brain injury. Clin Rehabil. 2008;22:45–55
- Isolated traumatic brain injury: age is an independent predictor of mortality and early outcome. J Trauma. 2002;52:907–911
- Impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography is associated with thalamic injury and predicts poor long-term outcome after human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:579–590
- . Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic characteristics: a comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery. 2005;57:1173–1782
- Prognostic value of secondary insults in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:287–293
- Prognostic value of admission laboratory parameters in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:315–328
- . Severe traumatic brain injury in New South Wales: comparable outcomes for rural and urban residents. Med J Aust. 2004;181:130–134
- . Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic brain injury: relationship of T2⁎SE and T2GE to clinical severity and outcome. Brain Inj. 2004;18:1083–1097
- . The association of early computed tomography scan findings and ambulation, self-care, and supervision needs at rehabilitation discharge and at 1 year after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:214–220
- . A follow-up study of older adults with traumatic brain injury: taking into account decreasing length of stay. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:57–62
- Anterior pituitary function may predict functional and cognitive outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury undergoing rehabilitation. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:1687–1697
- . Functional outcomes from inpatient rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: how do Hispanics fare?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:11–18
- . Brain injury as a result of violence: preliminary findings from the traumatic brain injury model systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:730–737
- Evolution of functional reorganization in hemiplegic stroke: a serial positron emission tomographic activation study. Ann Neurol. 1999;46:901–909
- . Return to productive activity after traumatic brain injury: relationship with measures of disability, handicap, and community integration. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:107–114
- . Use of injury severity variables in determining disability and community integration after traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2000;49:411–419
- . Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: factor structure and relationship to productivity and supervision needs following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2007;21:395–400
- . Community integration and satisfaction with functioning after intensive cognitive rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:943–950
- . Recovery of function following severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective 10-year follow-up. Brain Inj. 1995;9:285–299
- . Recovery of function after brain damage: support for the compensation theory of the behavioural deficit. Physiol Psychol. 1982;10:165–174
- . Temporal profile of outcomes in severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1994;81:169–173
- . A profile of outcome: 2 years after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1995;9:1–10
- . Cognitive and functional recovery at 6 and 12 months post-TBI. Brain Inj. 2000;14:987–996
- . Long-term neuropsychological outcome after severe head injury with good recovery. Brain Inj. 1992;6:45–52
- . Cognitive recovery during the first year after severe blunt head injury. Int Rehabil Med. 1979;1:166–172
- . Measuring recovery in new learning and memory following traumatic brain injury: a mixed-effects modeling approach. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007;29:617–625
- . Neuropsychological recovery in patients with moderate to severe head injury: 2 year follow-up. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1990;12:507–519
- . Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1449–1457
- . Recovery from severe closed head injuries: repeat testings with the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. J Clin Psychol. 1984;40:259–265
- . Cognitive and psychosocial outcome following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1999;13:489–504
- . Neuropsychological functioning during the year following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2001;15:283–296
- . Course of neuropsychological recovery from moderate-to-severe head injury: a 2-year follow-up. Brain Inj. 2001;15:1–13
- . Recovery of memory and learning functions following traumatic brain injury. Cortex. 1979;15:63–72
- . Cognitive recovery after severe head injury, 3: WAIS verbal and performance IQs as a function of post-traumatic amnesia duration and time from injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1976;39:1001–1007
- . Cognitive recovery after severe head injury, 1: serial testing on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975;38:1121–1126
- Long-term neuropsychological outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2001;16:343–355
- . Neuropsychological outcome in relation to head injury severity: contributions of coma length and focal abnormalities. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;73:341–347
- . Recovery versus retest effects in attention after closed head injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1999;21:585–605
- . Mathematical models of cognitive recovery. Brain Inj. 2001;15:519–530
- . Recovery of speed of information processing in closed-head-injury patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996;18:383–393
- . Clinical neuropsychology of attention. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1994;
- . Long-term neuropsychological outcome and loss of social autonomy after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:1316–1320
- . Time window for voluntary exercise-induced increases in hippocampal neuroplasticity molecules after traumatic brain injury is severity dependent. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:1161–1171
- . Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke, part I: outcome (The Copenhagen Stroke Study). Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:399–405
- . Mechanisms of recovery from aphasia: evidence from positron emission tomography studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;66:155–161
- . Mechanisms of cortical plasticity after neuronal injury. New York: Guildford Publications; 2004;
- . Brain plasticity and functional losses in the aged: scientific bases for a novel intervention. Prog Brain Res. 2006;157:81–109
- Memory enhancement in healthy older adults using a brain plasticity-based training program: a randomized, controlled study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:12523–12528
- . Constraint-induced movement therapy to enhance recovery after stroke. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001;3:279–286
- . Immediate constraint-induced movement therapy causes local hyperthermia that exacerbates cerebral cortical injury in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;82:231–237
- . Use-dependent exacerbation of brain damage occurs during an early post-lesion vulnerable period. Brain Res. 1998;783:286–292
- . Analysis of change: modeling individual growth. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991;59:27–37
- . Hierarchical linear models. 2nd ed.. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2002;
- . Introduction to mixed modeling: beyond regression and analysis of variance. West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons; 2006;
- . Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). New York: Multi-Health Systems Inc; 1996;
- . Predicting premorbid IQ: a revision of the National Adult Reading Test. Clin Neuropsychol. 1989;3:129–136
- . Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). San Antonio: Psychological Corp; 2001;
- . Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). San Antonio: Psychological Corp; 1999;
- . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—3rd Edition (WAIS-III). San Antonio: Psychological Corp; 1997;
- . Wechsler Memory Scale—3rd Edition (WMS–III). San Antonio: Psychological Corp; 1997;
- . The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) manual. Los Angeles: Western Publication Services; 1982;
- . Studies of inference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol. 1935;18:643–662
- . A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary. 2nd ed.. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1998;
- . “Oops!” performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia. 1997;35:747–758
- Examining moderators of cognitive recovery trajectories after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(12 Suppl 2):S16–S24
- . Good test-retest reliability for standard and advance false-belief tasks across a wide range of abilities. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41:483–490
- . Long-term cognitive outcome in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis examining timed and untimed tests at 1 and 4.5 or more years after injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(12 Suppl 2):S69–S76
- Prediction of return to productivity after severe traumatic brain injury: investigations of optimal neuropsychologic tests and timing of assessment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(12 Suppl 2):S51–S60
Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Physicians' Services Inc (grant nos. MOP-67072, 05-50).
No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.
PII: S0003-9993(08)01498-6
doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.002
© 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 12,
Supplement
, Pages S3-S15
, December 2008
