Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 12, Supplement , Pages S3-S15 , December 2008

Recovery of Cognitive Function After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis of Canadian Outcomes

  • Bruce K. Christensen, PhD, CPsych

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Brenda Colella, MA

      Affiliations

    • Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Elizabeth Inness, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Deborah Hebert, MSc (Kin)

      Affiliations

    • Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Georges Monette, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Mark Bayley, MD, FRCP(C)

      Affiliations

    • Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Robin E. Green, PhD, CPsych

      Affiliations

    • Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Robin Green, PhD, CPsych, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada

  • Image Result

    Average recovery curves for all participants with TBI plotted as a function of cognitive domain. Neuropsychological assessment occurred at 2, 5, and 12 months postinjury. Domain scores are represented

    Average recovery curves for all participants with TBI plotted as a function of cognitive domain. Neuropsychological assessment occurred at 2, 5, and 12 months postinjury. Domain scores are represented as standard scores and calculated using external normative data (see Methods). Normative average corresponds to a standard score of 0. Abbreviations: AllMemory, All Memory domain; Attention.Span, Attention Span domain; Exec.Gen, Executive General domain; Exec.Timed, Executive Timed domain; Exec.WM, Executive Working Memory domain; Language, Language domain; ManMot, Manual Motor domain; Mem.LM, Logical Memory domain; Mem.RAVLT, Memory RAVLT domain; Mem.Vis, Visual Memory domain; PsychoMot.Timed, Motor Speed domain; SOP.Motor, Speed of Processing Motor domain; SOP.Simple, Speed of Processing Simple domain; VerbalAbstract, Verbal Abstraction domain; VisuoSpatial, Visuospatial domain.

 Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Physicians' Services Inc (grant nos. MOP-67072, 05-50).

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or on any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(08)01498-6

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.002

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 12, Supplement , Pages S3-S15 , December 2008

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