Effects of Resistance Training on Lower-Extremity Impairments in Older People With Hip Fracture

Presented to the International Conference on Strength Training, October 20, 2006, Odense, Denmark, and the Congress of the European College of Sport Sciences, July 12, 2007, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Abstract

Portegijs E, Kallinen M, Rantanen T, Heinonen A, Sihvonen S, Alen M, Kiviranta I, Sipilä S. Effects of resistance training on lower-extremity impairments in older people with hip fracture.

Objective

To study the effects of resistance training on muscle strength parameters, mobility, and balance.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Research laboratory and senior gym.

Participants

Population-based sample of eligible 60- to 85-year-old community-dwelling men and women 0.5 to 7.0 years after hip fracture. Forty-six people had no contraindications and were willing to participate in the exercise trial.

Intervention

Twelve-week intensive progressive strength-power training (n=24), aiming to reduce asymmetric deficit in leg muscle strength and power, or no intervention (n=22).

Main Outcome Measures

Isometric knee extension torque (KET) and leg extension power (LEP) measured in the weaker and stronger leg and the asymmetric deficit ([weak/sum both legs]×100%), 10-m walking speed, dynamic balance test, and self-reported outdoor mobility.

Results

KET increased in both legs (P<.021), LEP tended to increase in the weaker leg (P=.071), and asymmetric LEP deficit decreased (P=.010) after training compared with the control group. LEP of the stronger leg, asymmetric KET deficit, walking speed, and balance performance were not significantly affected by training. Self-reported ability to walk outdoors improved after training. The compliance to the training was over 90%, and few adverse events (n=4; mainly musculoskeletal) were likely to be caused by the training.

Conclusions

Intensive resistance training is feasible for people with a hip fracture and improved muscle strength and power. More intensive training especially for the weaker leg may be needed to obtain more marked effects on asymmetric deficit, mobility, and balance. Also, the timing and duration of training program should be considered. (ISRCTN identifier ISRCTN34271567.)

Key Words: Aged, Femoral fracture, Muscle, Rehabilitation

List of Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance, CI, confidence interval, COP, center of pressure, KET, knee extension torque, LEP, leg extension power, 1-RM, one repetition maximum, RCT, randomized controlled trial, ROM, range of motion

a Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

b Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

c Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland

d GeroCenter Foundation for Research and Development, Jyväskylä, Finland

e National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland

f Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

g Dept of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Reprint requests to Erja Portegijs, MSc, Dept of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland

Supported by Finnish Ministry of Education (grant nos. 137/722/2003, 129/722/2004, 99/627/2005, 31/627/2006), Juho Vainio Foundation, and Finnish Cultural Foundation.

No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(08)00401-2

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.01.026

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