Self-Generation to Improve Learning and Memory of Functional Activities in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Meal Preparation and Managing Finances

Abstract 

Goverover Y, Chiaravalloti N, DeLuca J. Self-generation to improve learning and memory of functional activities in persons with multiple sclerosis: meal preparation and managing finances.

Objective

To examine the utility of using a self-generation strategy to improve learning and performance of everyday functional tasks in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design

Mixed-design with both a within- and between-subject factor.

Setting

Nonprofit rehabilitation research institution.

Participants

Participants (n=20) with MS and healthy controls (n=18).

Interventions

Participants completed 2 meal preparation and 2 financial management tasks. One task in each area was presented in the provided condition, in which all instructions were provided to and read by the participants, and the other task was presented in the generated condition, in which participants were asked to generate (fill in the blank) the necessary items needed to perform each step of the task.

Main Outcome Measures

Correct recall of task items and step sequence immediately and 1 week after initial learning and correct performance of task items and step sequence 30 minutes after initial learning. The maximum possible score in each of the recall tests was 24.

Results

Although the MS and healthy groups did not differ in overall items recalled, in both groups tasks learned in the generated condition enhanced memory performance significantly for the tasks used when compared with similar tasks learned in the provided condition.

Conclusions

Self-generation during learning can significantly improve subsequent recall of information and performance of activities of daily living for persons with MS. Implications of these findings for cognitive rehabilitation in MS are discussed.

Key Words: Activities of daily living, Learning, Memory, Multiple sclerosis, Rehabilitation

List of Abbreviations: AMPS, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, ANOVA, analysis of variance, BNT, Boston Naming Test, CMDI, Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory, CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test, D-KEFS, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living, MS, multiple sclerosis, SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, TMT, Trail-Making Test, WAIS-R, Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale−Revised