Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 157-159 , January 2008

New Views of Myofascial Trigger Points: Etiology and Diagnosis

  • David G. Simons, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to David G. Simons, MD, 3176 Monticello St, Covington, GA 30014

References 

  1. Shah JP, Phillips TM, Danoff JV, Gerber LH. An in vivo microanalytical technique for measuring the local biochemical milieu of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99:1977–1984
  2. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004;14:95–107
  3. Shah JP, Danoff JV, Desai MJ, et al. Biochemicals associated with pain and inflammation are elevated in sites near to and remote from active myofascial trigger points. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:16–23
  4. Chen Q, Bensamoun S, Basford JR, Thompson JM, An KN. Identification and quantification of myofascial taut bands with magnetic resonance elastography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:1658–1661
  5. Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger point manual. Vol 1. 2nd ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999;
  6. Mense S, Simons DG, Russell IJ. Muscle pain: understanding its nature, diagnosis, and treatment. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;
  7. Lucas KR, Polus PA, Rich J. Latent myofascial trigger points: their effect on muscle activation and movement efficiency. Bodywork Mov Ther. 2004;8:160–166
  8. Ito Y, Miledi R, Vincent A. Transmitter release induced by a ‘factor’ in rabbit serum. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1974;187:235–241
  9. Hong CZ. Myofascial trigger point pathophysiology and correlation with acupuncture points. Acupunct Med. 2000;18:41–49
  10. Brückle W, Suckfüll M, Fleckenstein W, Weiss C, Müller W. [Tissue pO2 measurement in taut back musculature (m. erector spinae)]. [German] Z Rheumatol. 1990;49:208–216
  11. Fassbender HG. Non-articular rheumatism. In:  Fassbender HG editors. Pathology of rheumatic diseases. Trans Loewi G. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1975;ch 13
  12. Tough EA, White AR, Richards S, Campbell J. Variability of criteria used to diagnose myofascial trigger point pain syndrome—evidence from a review of the literature. Clin J Pain. 2007;23:278–286
  13. Simons DG, Mense S. Understanding and measurement of muscle tone related to clinical muscle pain. Pain. 1998;75:1–17

 See original articles, p 1658 (2007), p 16 (2008).No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.Reprints are not available from the author.

PII: S0003-9993(07)01806-0

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.016

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 157-159 , January 2008

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