Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 42-47 , January 2008

Effect of Severity of Post-Traumatic Confusion and Its Constituent Symptoms on Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Mark Sherer, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Memorial Hermann/TIRR, Houston, TX
    • Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Mark Sherer, PhD, ABPP-Cn, Dept of Research, Memorial Hermann/TIRR, 1333 Moursund, Houston, TX, 77030
    • ,
  • Stuart A. Yablon, MD

      Affiliations

    • Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS
    • University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
    • ,
  • Risa Nakase-Richardson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS
    • University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
    • ,
  • Todd G. Nick, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
    • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.

References 

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  2. Russell WR. Cerebral involvement in head injury (A study based on the examination of two hundred cases). Brain. 1932;55:549–603
  3. High WM, Levin HS, Gary HE. Recovery of orientation following closed-head injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1990;12:703–714
  4. Ellenberg JH, Levin HS, Saydjari C. Posttraumatic amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury (Prospective assessment). Arch Neurol. 1996;53:782–791
  5. Katz DI, Alexander MP. Traumatic brain injury: predicting course of recovery and outcome for patients admitted to rehabilitation. Arch Neurol. 1994;51:661–670
  6. Levin HS, High WM, Eisenberg HM. Learning and forgetting during posttraumatic amnesia in head injured patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:14–20
  7. Levin HS, High WM, Meyers CA, von Laufen A, Hayden ME, Eisenberg HM. Impairment of remote memory after closed head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985;48:556–563
  8. Wilson BA, Evans JJ, Emslie H, Balleny H, Watson PC, Baddeley AD. Measuring recovery from post traumatic amnesia. Brain Inj. 1999;13:505–520
  9. Stuss DT, Binns MA, Carruth FG, et al. The acute period of recovery from traumatic brain injury: posttraumatic amnesia or posttraumatic confusional state?. J Neurosurg. 1999;90:635–643
  10. Sherer M, Nakase-Thompson R, Yablon SA, Gontkovsky ST. Multidimensional assessment of acute confusion after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:896–904
  11. Nakase-Richardson R, Yablon SA, Sherer M. Prospective comparison of acute confusion severity with duration of post-traumatic amnesia in predicting employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:872–876
  12. Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems, National Data and Statistical Center (On-line syllabus). http://www.tbindsc.org/Syllabus/live/live.aspAccessed December 18, 2006
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  14. Trzepacz PT, Mittal D, Torres R, Kanary K, Norton J, Jimerson N. Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised: comparison with Delirium Rating Scale and the Cognitive Test for Delirium. [published erratum in: J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci 2001;13:433] J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci. 2001;13:229–242
  15. Hart RP, Levenson JL, Sessler CN, Best AM, Schwartz SM, Rutherford LE. Validation of a cognitive test for delirium in medical ICU patients. Psychosomatics. 1996;37:533–546
  16. Corrigan JD. Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1989;11:261–277
  17. Rappaport M, Hall KM, Hopkins K, Belleza T, Cope DN. Disability Rating Scale for severe head trauma: coma to community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1982;63:118–123
  18. McAllister TW, Ferrell RB. Evaluation and treatment of psychosis after traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17:357–368
  19. Trzepacz PT. Delirium. In:  Silver J,  Yudofsky SC,  Hales RE editor. Neuropsychiatry of traumatic brain injury. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1994;p. 189–218
  20. Fujii D, Ahmed I. Characteristics of psychotic disorder due to traumatic brain injury: an analysis of case studies in the literature. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;14:130–140
  21. Zhang Q, Sachdev PS. Psychotic disorder and traumatic brain injury. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003;5:197–201
  22. Sachdev P. Schizophrenia-like psychosis following traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;13:533–534
  23. Dikmen S, McLean A, Temkin TR, Wyler AR. Neuropsychologic outcome at one-month postinjury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:507–513

 Supported by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (grant no. H133A020514) and the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System of Mississippi.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(07)01610-3

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.128

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 42-47 , January 2008

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