Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 48-55 , January 2008

Relationships Among Premorbid Alcohol Use, Acute Intoxication, and Early Functional Status After Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Chad D. Vickery, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS
    • University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Chad D. Vickery, PhD, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, 1350 E Woodrow Wilson, Jackson, MS 39216
  • ,
  • Mark Sherer, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Memorial Hermann TIRR, Houston, TX
  • ,
  • Todd G. Nick, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
  • ,
  • Risa Nakase-Richardson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS
  • ,
  • John D. Corrigan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
  • ,
  • Flora Hammond, MD

      Affiliations

    • Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC
  • ,
  • Stephen Macciocchi, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA
  • ,
  • David L. Ripley, MD

      Affiliations

    • Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO
  • ,
  • Angelle Sander, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Memorial Hermann TIRR, Houston, TX
    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine/Harris County Hospital District, Houston, TX.

References 

  1. Bombardier CH, Thurber CA. Blood alcohol level and early cognitive status after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 1998;12:725–734
  2. Corrigan JD. Substance abuse as a mediating factor in outcome from traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:302–309
  3. Kaplan CP, Corrigan JD. Effect of blood alcohol level on recovery from severe closed head injury. Brain Inj. 1992;6:337–349
  4. Tate PS, Freed DM, Bombardier CH, Harter SL, Brinkman S. Traumatic brain injury: influence of blood alcohol level on post-acute cognitive function. Brain Inj. 1999;13:767–784
  5. Kreutzer JS, Doherty KR, Harris JA, Zasler ND. Alcohol use among persons with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1990;5:9–20
  6. Kreutzer JS, Witol AD, Sander AM, Cifu DX, Marwitz JH, Delmonico R. A prospective longitudinal multicenter analysis of alcohol use patterns among persons with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1996;11:58–69
  7. Ruff RM, Marshall LF, Klauber MR, et al. Alcohol abuse and neurological outcome of the severely head injured. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1990;5:21–31
  8. Sparadeo FR, Gill D. Effects of prior alcohol use on head injury recovery. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1989;4:75–82
  9. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2006 with chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville: NCHS; 2006;
  10. Bombardier CH. Alcohol use and traumatic brain injury. West J Med. 1995;162:150–151
  11. Dikmen SS, Machamer JE, Donovan DM, Winn HR, Temkin NR. Alcohol use before and after traumatic head injury. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26:167–176
  12. Gurney JG, Rivara FP, Mueller BA, Gurney JG, Rivara FP, Mueller BA. The effect of alcohol intoxication on the initial treatment and hospital course of patients with acute brain injury. J Trauma. 1992;33:709–713
  13. Jurkovich GJ, Rivara FP, Gurney JG, Seguin D, Fligner CL, Copass M. Effects of alcohol intoxication on the initial assessment of trauma patients. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21:704–708
  14. Steinbok P, Thompson G. Metabolic disturbances after head injury: abnormalities of sodium and water balance with special reference to the effects of alcohol intoxication. Neurosurgery. 1978;3:9–15
  15. Leonard BE. The involvement of neuromediation in alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Neurochem Int. 1995;26:343–346
  16. Nevo I, Hamon M. Neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory mechanisms involved in alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Neurochem Int. 1995;26:305–336
  17. Markwalder T. Chronic subdural hematomas: a review. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:637–645
  18. Kraus JF, Morgenstern H, Fife D, Conroy C, Nourjah P. Blood alcohol tests, prevalence of involvement, and outcomes following brain injury. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:294–299
  19. Drubach DA, Kelly MP, Winslow MM, Flynn JP. Substance abuse as a factor in the causality, severity, and recurrence rate of traumatic brain injury. Md Med J. 1993;42:989–993
  20. Edna T. Alcohol influence and head injury. Acta Chir Scand. 1982;148:209–212
  21. Pories SE, Gamelli RL, Vacek P, Goodwin G, Shinozaki T, Harris F. Intoxication and injury. J Trauma. 1992;32:60–64
  22. Lehmkuhl LD, Hall KM, Mann N, Gordon WA. Factors that influence costs and length of stay of persons with traumatic brain injury in acute care and inpatient rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1993;8:88–100
  23. Corrigan J, Bogner J, Lamb-Hart G, et al. Problematic substance use identified in the TBI Model Systems national database (The Center for Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury). Accessed November 16 http://tbims.org/combi/subst/index.html2005;
  24. Brooks N, Symington C, Beattie A, Campsie L, Bryden J, McKinlay W. Alcohol and other predictors of cognitive recovery after severe head injury. Brain Inj. 1989;3:235–246
  25. Kelly MP, Johnson CT, Knoller N, Drubach DA, Winslow MM. Substance abuse, traumatic brain injury and neuropsychological outcome. Brain Inj. 1997;11:391–402
  26. Rappaport M, Hall KM, Hopkins K, Belleza T, Cope DN. Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: coma to community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1982;63:118–123
  27. Wright J. The FIM (The Center for Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury). Accessed March 2 http://www.tbims.org/combi/FIM2002;
  28. Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data and Statistical Center: on-line syllabus. Available at: http://www.tbindsc.org/Syllabus/live/live.asp. Accessed February 12, 2007.
  29. Sander AM, Witol AD, Kreutzer JS. Alcohol use after traumatic brain injury: concordance of patients’ and relatives’ reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:138–142
  30. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary guidelines for Americans. Accessed July 20 http://www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines/2005;
  31. Harel O, Zhou XH. Multiple imputation: review of theory, implementation and software. Stat Med. 2007;26:3057–3077
  32. Harrell FE. Hmisc and Design Libraries. Accessed April 14 http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/bin/view/Main/RS2006;
  33. Myers R. Classical and modern regression with applications. 2nd ed.. Boston: Duxbury Pr; 1990;
  34. Turner AP, Kivlahan DR, Rimmele CT, Bombardier CH. Does preinjury alcohol use or blood alcohol level influence cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury?. Rehabil Psychol. 2006;51:78–86
  35. Bush BA, Novack TA, Malec JF, Stringer AY, Millis SR, Madan A. Validation of a model for evaluating outcome after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1803–1807
  36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol & public health. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol. Accessed June 21, 2006.
  37. Grant I. Alcohol and the brain: neuropsychological correlates. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987;55:310–324
  38. Parsons OA, Nixon SJ. Neurobehavioral sequelae of alcoholism. Neurol Clin. 1993;11:205–218
  39. Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Black KL, Millis SR. Relationship between Glasgow coma scale and functional outcome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75:364–369
  40. Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Millis SR, Black KL. Revised trauma score: an additive predictor in traumatic brain injury disability. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75:456–461
  41. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed.. Washington (DC): APA; 1994;

 Supported by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (grant no. H133A0205514).No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(07)01592-4

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.047

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 89, Issue 1 , Pages 48-55 , January 2008