Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 12 , Pages 1636-1642 , December 2007

Perceived Environmental Barriers to Recreational, Community, and School Participation for Children and Youth With Physical Disabilities

  • Mary Law, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to Mary Law, PhD, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research at McMaster University, 1400 Main St W, Rm 408, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
    • ,
  • Theresa Petrenchik, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Gillian King, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Child and Parent Resource Institute, London, ON, Canada.
    • ,
  • Patricia Hurley, BA

      Affiliations

    • CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

References 

  1. World Health Organization. In: International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: WHO; 2001;
  2. Brown M, Gordon WA. Impact of impairment on activity patterns of children. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987;68:828–832
  3. Larson RW, Verma S. How children and adolescents spend time across the world: work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychol Bull. 1999;125:701–736
  4. King G, Law M, King S, Rosenbaum P, Kertoy MK, Young NL. A conceptual model of the factors affecting the recreation and leisure participation of children with disabilities. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2003;23:63–90
  5. Beauvais C. Literature review on learning through recreation. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks; 2001;
  6. Canadian Council on Social Development. Recreation and children and youth living in poverty: barriers, benefits and success stories. In: Ottawa: CCSD; 2001;
  7. Waters E, Goldfeld S, Hopkins S. In: Indicators for child health, development and wellbeing. Melbourne: Center for Community Child Health, Royal Children’s Hospital; 2002;
  8. Law M, Petrenchik T, Ziviani J, King J. Participation of children in school and community. In:  Rodgers S,  Ziviani J editor. Children: understanding children’s occupations and enabling participation. London: Blackwell Science; 2006;p. 67–90
  9. Law M, Haight M, Milroy B, Williams D, Stewart D, Rosenbaum P. Environmental factors affecting the occupations of children with physical disabilities. J Occup Sci. 1999;6:102–111
  10. Hammal D, Jarvis SN, Colver AF. Participation of children with cerebral palsy is influenced by where they live. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46:292–298
  11. Rimmer JH, Riley B, Wang E, Rauworth A, Jurkowski J. Physical activity participation among persons with disabilities: barriers and facilitators. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26:419–425
  12. Almqvist L, Granlund M. Participation in school environment of children and youth with disabilities: a person-oriented approach. Scand J Psychol. 2005;46:305–314
  13. Stevens SE, Steele CA, Jutai JW, Kalnins IV, Bortolussi JA, Biggar WD. Adolescents with physical disabilities: some psychosocial aspects of health. J Adolesc Health. 1996;19:157–164
  14. Stevenson CJ, Pharoah PO, Stevenson R. Cerebral palsy—the transition from youth to adulthood. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39:336–342
  15. Henry AD. Development of a measure of adolescent leisure interests. Am J Occup Ther. 1998;52:531–539
  16. McDougall J, King G, de Wit DJ, et al. Chronic physical health conditions and disability among Canadian school-aged children: a national profile. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26:35–45
  17. Law M, King G, King S, et al. Patterns of participation in recreational and leisure activities among children with complex physical disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48:337–342
  18. Mahoney JL, Larson RW, Eccles JS. Organized activities as contexts of development: extracurricular activities, after-school and community programs. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2005;
  19. Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard Univ Pr; 1979;
  20. World Health Organization. International classification of functioning–child and youth version (ICF-CY). Geneva: WHO; 2004;
  21. Imrie R, Kumar M. Focusing on disability and access in the built environment. Disabil Soc. 1998;13:357–374
  22. Welsh B, Jarvis S, Hammal D, Colver A North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Survey. How might districts identify local barriers to participation for children with cerebral palsy?. Public Health. 2006;120:167–175
  23. Mihaylov SI, Jarvis SN, Colver AF, Beresford B. Identification and description of environmental factors that influence participation of children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46:299–304
  24. McManus V, Michelsen SI, Parkinson K, et al. Discussion groups with parents of children with cerebral palsy in Europe designed to assist development of a relevant measure of environment. [published erratum in: Child Care Health Dev 2006;32:393] Child Care Health Dev. 2006;32:185–192
  25. Lawlor MC, Mattingly CF. The complexities embedded in family-centered care. Am J Occup Ther. 1998;52:259–267
  26. King G, Law M, Hanna S, et al. Predictors of the leisure and recreation participation of children with physical disabilities: a structural equation modeling analysis. Child Health Care. 2006;35:209–234
  27. Finch N, Lawton D, Williams J, Sloper P. Disability survey 2000: young people with a disability and sport. London: Sport England; 2001;
  28. Law M, Finkelman S, Hurley P, et al. The participation of children with physical disabilities: relationships with diagnosis, physical function, and demographic variables. Scand J Occup Ther. 2004;11:156–162
  29. King G, Law M, King S, et al. Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC). In: San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment; 2004;
  30. Statistics Canada. Median family income in constant dollars (2000) for all census families for Canada, provinces and territories. Ottawa: Stats Can; 2001;
  31. Goodman R. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38:581–586
  32. Young NL. Activities Scale for Kids (ASK). Toronto: Hospital for Sick Children; 1997;
  33. Young NL, Williams JI, Yoshida KK, Wright JG. Measurement properties of the activities scale for kids. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53:125–137
  34. Craig Hospital Research Department. Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors (CHIEF) manual. Version 3.0. Englewood: Craig Hospital; 2001;
  35. Whiteneck GG, Harrison-Felix CL, Mellick DC, Brooks CA, Charlifue SB, Gerhart KA. Quantifying environmental factors: a measure of physical, attitudinal, service, productivity, and policy barriers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:1324–1335
  36. Goodman R. The extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a guide to child psychiatric caseness and consequent burden. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999;40:791–799
  37. Offord D, Lipman E, Dukus E. Which children don’t participate in sports, the arts and community programs?. Ottawa: Human Resources Development Canada; 1998;
  38. Simeonsson RJ, Carlson D, Huntington GS, McMillen JS, Brent JL. Students with disabilities: a national survey of participation in school activities. Disabil Rehabil. 2001;23:49–63
  39. Werner EE. Risk, resilience, and recovery: perspectives from the Kauai longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol. 1993;5:503–515
  40. Hemmingson A, Borell H. Environmental barriers in mainstream schools. Child Care Health Dev. 2002;28:57–63
  41. Pivik J, McComas J, Laflamme M. Barriers and facilitators to inclusive education as reported by students with physical disabilities and their parents. Except Child. 2002;61:97–107
  42. Dunst CJ. Revisiting “rethinking early intervention.”. Top Early Child Spec Educ. 2000;20:95–104
  43. Friedman RM. A conceptual framework for developing and implementing effective policy in children’s mental health. J Emotional Behav Disord. 2003;11:9–16
  44. Macintyre S, Ellaway A, Cummins S. Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55:125–139

 Supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grant no. HD38108-02).

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

 Reprints are not available from the author.

PII: S0003-9993(07)01490-6

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.035

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 12 , Pages 1636-1642 , December 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution