Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 11 , Pages 1377-1383 , November 2007

Electromyographic Activity in the Immobilized Shoulder Girdle Musculature During Ipsilateral Kinetic Chain Exercises

  • Jay Smith, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Jay Smith, MD, Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905
    • ,
  • Diane L. Dahm, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Brian R. Kotajarvi, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Andrea J. Boon, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Edward R. Laskowski, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • David J. Jacofsky, MD

      Affiliations

    • The Center for Orthopedic Research and Education—the CORE Institute, Sun City West, AZ.
    • ,
  • Kenton R. Kaufman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN

References 

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  2. Halar E, Bell K. Immobility. In:  DeLisa J,  Gans B editor. Rehabilitation medicine: principles and practice. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 1015–1034
  3. Kibler W. The role of the scapula in overhead throwing motion. Contemp Orthop. 1991;22:525–532
  4. Muller E. Influence of training and of inactivity on muscle strength. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1970;51:449–462
  5. Dockery M, Wright T, LaStayo P. Electromyography of the shoulder (an analysis of passive modes of exercise). Orthopedics. 1998;21:1181–1184
  6. Kibler W. Shoulder rehabilitation: principles and practice. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:S40–S50
  7. Kibler W. The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:325–337
  8. Burkhart S, Morgan C, Kibler W. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part III: the SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy. 2003;19:641–646
  9. Kibler W, McMullen J. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder pain. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11:142–151
  10. McMullen J, Uhl T. A kinetic chain approach for shoulder rehabilitation. J Athl Train. 2000;25:329–337
  11. Smith J, Dahm D, Kaufman K, et al. Electromyographic activity in the immobilized shoulder girdle during scapulothoracic exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:923–927
  12. Smith J, Padgett D, Dahm D, et al. Electromyographic activity in the immobilized shoulder girdle musculature during contralateral upper limb movements. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13:583–588
  13. Basmajian J, DeLuca C. Muscles alive: their functions revealed by electromyography. 5th ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1985;
  14. Kadaba M, Cole A, Wootten M, et al. Intramuscular wire electromyography of the subscapularis. J Orthop Res. 1992;10:394–397
  15. Delagi E, Iazzeti J, Perotto A, Morrison D. Anatomical guide for the electromyographer: the limbs and trunk. 3rd ed.. Springfield: CC Thomas; 1994;
  16. Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P. Muscles: testing and function. 4th ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1993;
  17. Wilk K, Meister K, Andrews J. Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:136–151
  18. McCann P, Wootten M, Kadaba M, Bigliani L. A kinematic and electromyographic study of shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1993;Mar(288):179–188
  19. Townsend H, Jobe F, Pink M, Perry J. Electromyographic analysis of the glenohumeral muscles during a baseball rehabilitation program. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19:264–272
  20. Jobe F, Moynes D, Tibone J, Perry J. An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching. Am J Sports Med. 1984;12:218–220
  21. Hintermeister R, Lange G, Schultheis J, Bey M, Hawkins R. Electromyographic activity and applied load during shoulder rehabilitation exercise using elastic resistance. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:210–220
  22. Decker M, Tokish J, Ellis H, Torry M, Hawkins R. Subscapularis muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:126–134
  23. Kibler W, Livingston B, Bruce R. Current concepts in shoulder rehabilitation. Adv Operative Orthop. 1995;3:249–300
  24. Glousman R, Jobe F, Tibone J, Moynes D, Antonelli D, Perry J. Dynamic electromyographic analysis of the throwing shoulder with glenohumeral instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70:220–226
  25. Glousman RE, Barron J, Jobe FW, Perry J, Pink M. An electromyographic analysis of the elbow in normal and injured pitchers with medial collateral ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:311–317
  26. Moseley J, Jobe F, Pink M, Perry J, Tibone J. EMG analysis of the scapular muscles during a shoulder rehabilitation program. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:128–134

 Supported by the Mayo Foundation and the Physiatric Association of Spine, Sports, and Occupational Rehabilitation.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(07)01456-6

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.028

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 11 , Pages 1377-1383 , November 2007

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