Electromyographic Activity in the Immobilized Shoulder Girdle Musculature During Ipsilateral Kinetic Chain Exercises

Cross-body reach at low level. Note how motion is initiated from the immobilized side and multiple body segments are integrated to achieve the motion.

Attempted overhead reach. Model initiates motion from the immobilized side. Note how multiple body segments are allowed to participate, as long as the model stays in the coronal plane.

Attempted ipsilateral floor touch. Model initiates motion with the immobilized side. Multiple body segments participate, although the model does not twist (compare with low cross-body reach).

Peak 1-second normalized electromyographic (EMG) activity from the rotator cuff, biceps, and anterior deltoid muscles (N=5 subjects) during 5 kinetic chain exercises completed (A) without and (B) with stepping. NOTE. Values are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Abbreviations: AD, anterior deltoid; BB, biceps; CBRHN, cross-body reach high no step; CBRHS, same motion with step; CBRLN, cross-body reach low without step; CBRLS, cross-body reach low with step; CBRMN, cross-body reach at medium height without step; CBRMS, cross-body reach at medium height with step; IFTN, attempted ipsilateral floor touch without step; IFTS, attempted ipsilateral floor touch with step; IS, infraspinatus; OHRN, attempted overhead reach without step; OHRS, attempted overhead reach with step; SS, supraspinatus.

Peak 1-second normalized electromyographic activity from serratus anterior and trapezii muscles (N=5 subjects) during 5 kinetic chain exercises completed (A) without and (B) with stepping. NOTE. Values are mean ± SEM. Abbreviations: see fig 4; LT, lower trapezius; MD, middle deltoid; MT, middle trapezius; PD, posterior deltoid; SA, serratus anterior; UT, upper trapezius.