Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 9 , Pages 1159-1163, September 2007

Mechanics of Ambulation With Standard and Spring-Loaded Crutches

Presented in part to the American Society of Biomechanics, September 2006, Blacksburg, VA, September 6-9, 2006.

  • Adriana Segura, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
    • ,
  • Stephen J. Piazza, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
    • Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
    • Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Stephen J. Piazza, PhD, 29 Recreation Bldg, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

Abstract 

Segura A, Piazza SJ. Mechanics of ambulation with standard and spring-loaded crutches.

Objective

To compare kinetic measures and spatiotemporal variables assessed during walking with standard axillary crutches and spring-loaded crutches.

Design

A repeated-measures design in which healthy subjects walked with both standard and spring-loaded crutches.

Setting

Biomechanics research laboratory.

Participants

Ten healthy young adult volunteers participated. Only female volunteers between 154.9 and 175.3cm in stature were selected to fit the size of the crutches used.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome measures were kinetic variables such as ground reaction force, rate of force rise, and impulse and spatiotemporal variables such as stride length, stride time, and percentage of stride spent in stance.

Results

The rate of ground reaction force rise and impulse of the ground reaction force (both P<.001) were reduced by 33% and 13% to 26%, respectively, but the peak ground reaction force was slightly greater (P=.001) with spring-loaded crutches. The stride time was increased with spring-loaded crutches (P=.005), but the stride length did not differ significantly (P=.465).

Conclusions

The use of spring-loaded crutches altered the mechanics of crutch gait in ways that are likely to reduce overuse injury in crutch users. Further study of spring-loaded crutches is warranted, especially with respect to their energetic efficiency.

Key Words: Biomechanics, Crutches, Gait, Rehabilitation

 

 Supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. BES-0134217).

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(07)00422-4

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.05.026

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 9 , Pages 1159-1163, September 2007

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