Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 7 , Pages 833-839 , July 2007

Upper-Extremity Functional Electric Stimulation–Assisted Exercises on a Workstation in the Subacute Phase of Stroke Recovery

Presented in part to the Society for Neuroscience, November 2003, New Orleans, LA.

  • Jan Kowalczewski

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Jan Kowalczewski, Centre for Neuroscience, 507 HMRC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
    • ,
  • Valeriya Gritsenko, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • ,
  • Nigel Ashworth, MD

      Affiliations

    • Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • ,
  • Peter Ellaway, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Imperial College London, London, UK.
    • ,
  • Arthur Prochazka, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

References 

  1. American Heart Association. In: Heart disease and stroke statistics—2006 update. Dallas: AHA; 2006;p. 40
  2. Lai SM, Studenski S, Duncan PW, Perera S. Persisting consequences of stroke measured by the Stroke Impact Scale. Stroke. 2002;33:1840–1844
  3. Nakayama H, Jorgensen HS, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke: the Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:852–857
  4. Merletti R, Acimovic R, Grobelnik S, Cvilak G. Electrophysiological orthosis for the upper extremity in hemiplegia: feasibility study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1975;56:507–513
  5. Baker LL, Yeh C, Wilson D, Waters RL. Electrical stimulation of wrist and fingers for hemiplegic patients. Phys Ther. 1979;59:1495–1499
  6. van Overeem Hansen G. EMG-controlled functional electrical stimulation of the paretic hand. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1979;11:189–193
  7. Heckmann J, Mokrusch T, Kroeckel A, Warnke S, von Stockert T, Neundoerfer B. Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: a randomized pilot study. Eur J Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;7:138–141
  8. Francisco G, Chae J, Chawla H, et al. Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation for improving the arm function of acute stroke survivors: a randomized pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:570–575
  9. Chae J, Yu D. Neuromuscular stimulation for motor relearning in hemiplegia. Crit Rev Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;11:279–298
  10. Cauraugh JH, Kim S. Two coupled motor recovery protocols are better than one: electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation and bilateral movements. Stroke. 2002;33:1589–1594
  11. Chae J. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor relearning in hemiparesis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003;14(1 Suppl):S93–S109
  12. de Kroon JR, IJzerman MJ, Chae J, Lankhorst GJ, Zilvold G. Relation between stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome in studies using electrical stimulation to improve motor control of the upper extremity in stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2005;37:65–74
  13. Popovic M, Popovic D, Sinkjaer T, Stefanovic A, Schwirtlich L. Clinical evaluation of functional electrical therapy in acute hemiplegic subjects. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2003;40:443–453
  14. Popovic D, Popovic M, Sinkjaer T, Stefanovic A, Schwirtlich L. Therapy of paretic arm in hemiplegic subjects augmented with a neural prosthesis: a cross-over study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;82:749–756
  15. Popovic M, Thrasher TA, Zivanovic V, Takaki J, Hajek V. Neuroprosthesis for retraining reaching and grasping functions in severe hemiplegic patients. Neuromodulation. 2005;8:58–72
  16. Ring H, Rosenthal N. Controlled study of neuroprosthetic functional electrical stimulation in sub-acute post-stroke rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med. 2005;37:32–36
  17. Alon G, Sunnerhagen KS, Geurts AC, Ohry A. A home-based, self-administered stimulation program to improve selected hand functions of chronic stroke. NeuroRehabilitation. 2003;18:215–225
  18. Gritsenko V, Prochazka A. A functional electric stimulation-assisted exercise therapy system for hemiplegic hand function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:881–885
  19. Hendricks HT, IJzerman MJ, de Kroon JR, in t’ Groen FA, Zilvold G. Functional electrical stimulation by means of the ’Ness Handmaster Orthosis’ in chronic stroke patients: an exploratory study. Clin Rehabil. 2001;15:217–220
  20. Gritsenko V, Prochazka A. Rehabilitation of hemiplegic hand function during semi-acute stage of recovery using automated FES-assisted exercise therapy. 2003;Presented to: Society for Neuroscience 33rd Annual Meeting; Aug 11; New Orleans (LA). No. 71.11
  21. Kowalczewski J, Gritsenko V, Ashworth N, Prochazka A. FES-assisted exercise therapy in the sub-acute phase of stroke recovery. 2005;Presented to: the 10th Annual Conference of the International FES Society; July 8; Montreal (QC)
  22. Brunnstrom S. Motor testing procedures in hemiplegia: based on sequential recovery stages. Phys Ther. 1966;46:357–375
  23. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state” (A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician). J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198
  24. Albert ML. A simple test of visual neglect. Neurology. 1973;23:658–664
  25. Hautzinger M, Bailer M. Allgemeine depressionskala. Weinheim: Beltz; 1993;
  26. Wolf SL, Lecraw DE, Barton LA, Jann BB. Forced use of hemiplegic upper extremities to reverse the effect of learned nonuse among chronic stroke and head-injured patients. Exp Neurol. 1989;104:125–132
  27. Morris DM, Uswatte G, Crago JE, Cook EW, Taub E. The reliability of the Wolf Motor Function Test for assessing upper extremity function after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:750–755
  28. Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1 (A method for evaluation of physical performance). Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7:13–31
  29. Taub E, Miller NE, Novack TA, et al. Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:347–354
  30. Shapiro S, Wilks M. An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika. 1965;52:591–611
  31. Motulsky H, Christopoulos A. In: Fitting models to biological data using linear and nonlinear regression: a practical guide to curve fitting. Oxford: Oxford Univ Pr; 2004;p. 352
  32. Vincent WJ. In: Statistics in kinesiology. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1995;p. 256
  33. Chae J, Bethoux F, Bohine T, Dobos L, Davis T, Friedl A. Neuromuscular stimulation for upper extremity motor and functional recovery in acute hemiplegia. Stroke. 1998;29:975–979
  34. Cohen J. In: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1988;p. 567
  35. van der Lee JH, Wagenaar RC, Lankhorst GJ, Vogelaar TW, Deville WL, Bouter LM. Forced use of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients: results from a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Stroke. 1999;30:2369–2375
  36. Mann GE, Burridge JH, Malone LJ, Strike PW. A pilot study to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on recovery of hand function and sensation in subacute stroke patients. Neuromodulation. 2005;8:193–202
  37. Powell J, Pandyan AD, Granat M, Cameron M, Stott DJ. Electrical stimulation of wrist extensors in poststroke hemiplegia. Stroke. 1999;30:1384–1389
  38. Popovic MB, Popovic DB, Sinkjaer T, Stefanovic A, Schwirtlich L. Restitution of reaching and grasping promoted by functional electrical therapy. Artif Organs. 2002;26:271–275
  39. Gritsenko V, Chhibber S, Prochazka A. Automated FES-assisted exercise therapy for hemiplegic hand function. 2001;Presented to: Society for Neuroscience 31st Annual meeting; Oct 11; San Diego (CA). No. 210.220
  40. Kowalczewski J, Prochazka A. inventors Method and apparatus for automated delivery of therapeutic exercises of the upper extremity. 2006;U.S. patent 60/747,084. Nov 5

 Supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research and Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(07)00264-X

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.03.036

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 7 , Pages 833-839 , July 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution