Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 5 , Pages 638-645 , May 2007

Symptom Burden in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

  • Mark P. Jensen, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Mark P. Jensen, PhD, Dept of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195-6490
    • ,
  • Carrie M. Kuehn, MA, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • Dagmar Amtmann

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
    • ,
  • Diane D. Cardenas, MD, MHA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

References 

  1. Caliri MH. Spinal cord injury and pressure ulcers. Nurs Clin North Am. 2005;40:337–347
  2. Liem NR, McColl MA, King W, Smith KM. Aging with a spinal cord injury: factors associated with the need for more help with activities of daily living. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:1567–1577
  3. Chen D, Nussbaum SB. The gastrointestinal system and bowel management following spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2000;11:45–56
  4. Jamil F. Towards a catheter free status in neurogenic bladder dysfunction: a review of bladder management options in spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal Cord. 2001;39:355–361
  5. Garcia Leoni ME, Esclarin De Ruz A. Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9:780–785
  6. Buchholz AC, Bugaresti JM. A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:513–518
  7. Ehde DM, Jensen MP, Engel JM, Turner JA, Hoffman AJ, Cardenas DD. Chronic pain secondary to disability: a review. Clin J Pain. 2003;19:3–17
  8. Anke AG, Stenehjem AE, Stanghelle JK. Pain and life quality within 2 years of spinal cord injury. Paraplegia. 1995;33:555–559
  9. Budh CN, Hultling C, Lundeberg T. Quality of sleep in individuals with spinal cord injury: a comparison between patients with and without pain. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:85–95
  10. Rintala DH, Loubser PG, Castro J, Hart KA, Fuhrer MJ. Chronic pain in a community based sample of men with spinal cord injury: prevalence, severity, and relationship with impairment, disability, handicap, and subjective well-being. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:604–614
  11. Rintala DH, Hart KA, Priebe MM. Predicting consistency of pain over a 10-year period in persons with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004;41:75–88
  12. Störmer S, Gerner HJ, Gruninger W, et al. Chronic pain/dysaesthesiae in spinal cord injury patients: results of a multicentre study. Spinal Cord. 1997;35:446–455
  13. Biering-Sørenson F, Biering-Sørenson M. Sleep disturbance in the spinal cord injured: an epidemiological questionnaire investigation, including a normal population. Spinal Cord. 2001;39:505–513
  14. Jensen MP, Hoffman AJ, Cardenas DD. Chronic pain in individuals with spinal cord injury: a survey and longitudinal study. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:704–712
  15. McColl MA, Arnold R, Charlifue S, Glass C, Savic G, Frankel H. Aging, spinal cord injury, and quality of life: structural relationships. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1137–1144
  16. Gordon T. Fatigue in adapted systems (Overuse and underuse paradigms). Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;384:429–456
  17. Shields RK. Muscular, skeletal, and neural adaptations following spinal cord injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002;32:65–74
  18. Stein RB, Chong SL, James KB, et al. Electrical stimulation for therapy and mobility after spinal cord injury. Prog Brain Res. 2002;137:27–34
  19. McComas AJ, Miller RG, Gandevia SC. Fatigue brought on by malfunction of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;384:495–512
  20. Gerhart KA, Charlifue SW, Menter RA, Weitzenkamp DA, Whiteneck G. Aging with spinal cord injury. Am Rehabil. 1997;23:19–25
  21. Grandas NF, Jain NB, Denckla JB, et al. Dyspnea during daily activities in chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1631–1635
  22. Spungen AM, Grimm DR, Schilero G, et al. Relationship of respiratory symptoms with smoking status and pulmonary function in chronic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2002;25:23–27
  23. Ayas NT, Garshick E, Lieberman SL, Wien MF, Tun C, Brown R. Breathlessness in spinal cord injury depends on injury level. J Spinal Cord Med. 1999;22:97–101
  24. Spungen AM, Grimm DR, Lesser M, Bauman WA, Almenoff PL. Self-reported prevalence of pulmonary symptoms in subjects with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1997;35:652–657
  25. Go BK, De Vivo MJ, Richard JS. The epidemiology of spinal cord injury. In:  Stover SL,  DeLisa JA,  Whiteneck GG editor. Spinal cord injury: clinical outcomes from the model systems. Gaithersburg: Aspen; 1995;p. 21–51
  26. Kreutzer JS, Barth J, Ellwood MS, et al. Occult neuropsychological impairments in spinal cord injured patients [abstract]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988;69:764–765
  27. Davidoff G, Morris J, Roth E, Bleiberg J. Closed head injury in spinal cord injured patients: retrospective study of loss of consciousness and post-traumatic amnesia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66:41–43
  28. Davidoff G, Thomas P, Johnson M, Berent S, Dijkers M, Doljanac R. Closed head injury in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: incidence and risk factors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988;69:869–872
  29. Sherman AL, Cardenas DD, Swedberg S. Management of traumatic optic neuropathy with coexistent spinal cord injury: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:1012–1014
  30. Vaccaro AR, Urban WC, Aiken RD. Delayed cortical blindness and recurrent quadriplegia after cervical trauma. J Spinal Disord. 1998;11:535–539
  31. Jensen MP, Hanley MA, Turner JA, Cardenas DD. Pain and other sensations in persons with spinal cord injury: frequency and association with depression and pain interference. Psychologica. 2004;37:129–143
  32. Castro MJ, Apple DF, Staron RS, Campos GE, Dudley GA. Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle within 6 mo of injury. J Appl Physiol. 1999;86:350–358
  33. Thomas CK, Tucker ME, Bigland-Ritchie B. Voluntary muscle weakness and co-activation after chronic cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 1998;15:149–161
  34. Capoor J, Stein AB. Aging with spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2005;16:129–161
  35. Turner JA, Cardenas DD, Warms CA, McClellan CB. Chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries: a community survey. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:501–508
  36. Sander AM, Fuchs KL, High WM, Hall KM, Kreutzer JS, Rosenthal M. The Community Integration Questionnaire revisited: an assessment of factor structure and validity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;8:1303–1308
  37. Willer B, Rosenthal M, Kreutzer JS, Gordon WA, Rempl R. Assessment of community integration following rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1993;8(2):75–87
  38. Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M. SF-36 Health Survey: manual and interpretation guide. Lincoln: Quality Metric Inc; 2000;
  39. Kaplan CP. The community integration questionnaire with new scoring guidelines: concurrent validity and need for appropriate norms. Brain Inj. 2001;15:725–731
  40. Dijkers M. Measuring the long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a review of Community Integration Questionnaire studies. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1997;12(6):74–91
  41. Rothe NK, Sjoloe AK, Jensen H, Borch-Johnsen K, Rosenberg T. The prevalence and incidence of visual impairment in people of age 20–59 years in industrialized countries: a review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2003;10:279–291
  42. Buch H, Vinding T, Cour M, Appleyard M, Jensen GB, Nielsen NV. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among 9980 Scandinavian adults: the Copenhagen City Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:53–61
  43. Maberley DA, Hollands H, Chuo J, et al. The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada. Eye. 2006;20:341–346
  44. Shapiro S, Borgens R, Pascuzzi R, et al. Oscillating field stimulation for complete spinal cord injury in humans: a phase 1 trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;2:3–10
  45. Panagos A, Jensen M, Cardenas DD. Treatment of myofascial shoulder pain in the spinal cord injured population using static magnetic fields: a case series. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27:138–142
  46. Ehde DM, Jensen MP. Feasibility of a cognitive restructuring intervention for treatment of chronic pain in persons with disabilities. Rehabil Psychol. 2004;49:254–258
  47. Capal ID, Dorrell HM, Spencer EP, Davis MW. The amelioration of the suffering associated with spinal cord injury with subperception transcranial electrical stimulation. Spinal Cord. 2003;41:109–117
  48. Hicks AL, Martin KA, Ditor DS, et al. Long-term exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury: effects on strength, arm ergometry performance and psychological well-being. Spinal Cord. 2003;41:34–43
  49. Jensen MP, Hanley MA, Engel JM, et al. Hypnotic analgesia for chronic pain in persons with disabilities: a case series. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2005;53:198–228
  50. Ahn SH, Park HW, Lee BS, et al. Gabapentin effect on neuropathic pain compared among patients with spinal cord injury and different durations of symptoms. Spine. 2003;28:341–346
  51. Levendoglu F, Ogun CO, Ozerbil O, Ogun TC, Ugurlu H. Gabapentin is a first line drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Spine. 2004;29:743–751
  52. Finnerup NB, Sindrup SH, Bach FW, Johannesen IL, Jensen TS. Lamotrigine in spinal cord injury pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2002;96:375–383
  53. Cardenas DD, Warms CA, Turner JA, Marshall H, Brooke MM, Loeser JD. Efficacy of amitriptyline for relief of pain in spinal cord injury: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2002;96:365–373
  54. McColl MA, Charlifue S, Glass C, Lawson N, Savic G. Aging, gender, and spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:363–367
  55. Coria F, Gomez de Caso JA, Minguez L, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Claveria LE. Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment and dementia in a rural community. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56:973–976
  56. Graham JE, Rockwood K, Beattie BL, et al. Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population. Lancet. 1997;349:1793–1796
  57. Koivisto K, Reinikainen KJ, Hanninen T, et al. Prevalence of age-associated memory impairment in a randomly selected population from eastern Finland. Neurology. 1995;45:741–747
  58. Lopez OL, Jagust WJ, DeKosky ST, et al. Prevalence and classification of mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 1. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1385–1389
  59. Ritchie K, Artero S, Touchon J. Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based validation study. Neurology. 2001;56:37–42
  60. Haran MJ, Lee BB, King MT, Marial O, Stockler MR. Health status related with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:2290–2295
  61. Westgren N, Levi R. Quality of life and traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:1433–1439
  62. Turner JA, Jensen MP, Warms CA, Cardenas DD. Catastrophizing is associated with pain intensity, psychological distress, and pain-related disability among individuals with chronic pain after spinal cord injury. Pain. 2002;98:127–134
  63. Dryden DM, Saunders LD, Rowe BH, et al. Depression following traumatic spinal cord injury. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25:55–61
  64. Donnelly C, Eng JJ. Pain following spinal cord injury: the impact on community integration. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:278–282
  65. Whiteneck G, Tate D, Charlifue S. Predicting community reintegration after spinal cord injury from demographic and injury characteristics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1485–1491
  66. Song HY. Modeling social reintegration in persons with spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27:131–141
  67. McColl MA, Davies S, Carlson P, Johnston J, Minnes P. The Community Integration Measure: development and preliminary validation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:429–434

 Supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Center for Rehabilitation Research, National Institutes of Health (grant no. P01 HD33988), National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, US Department of Education (grant no. H133N00003), and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, (grant no. 1 U01 AR52171-01).

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(07)00099-8

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.02.002

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 5 , Pages 638-645 , May 2007

Article Tools