Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 3 , Pages 302-308 , March 2007

Measurement Properties of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for People With Right- and Left-Hemisphere Lesions: Further Analysis of the Clomethiazole for Acute Stroke Study–Ischemic (Class-I) Trial

  • Scott R. Millis, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Scott R. Millis, PhD, Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 261 Mack Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201
    • ,
  • Don Straube, MS, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, College of Education, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
    • Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
    • ,
  • Cherdsak Iramaneerat, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
    • ,
  • Everett V. Smith Jr, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
    • ,
  • Patrick Lyden, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA.

References 

  1. Duncan PW, Zorowitz R, Bates B, et al. Management of Adult Stroke Rehabilitation Care: a clinical practice guideline. Stroke. 2005;36:e100–e143
  2. Brott T, Adams HP, Olinger CP, et al. Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke. 1989;20:864–870
  3. Lyden P, Lu M, Jackson C, et al. NINDS tPA Stroke Trial Investigators Underlying structure of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: results of a factor analysis. Stroke. 1999;30:2347–2354
  4. Lyden PD, Lau GT. A critical appraisal of stroke evaluation and rating scales. Stroke. 1991;22:1345–1352
  5. Albanese MA, Clarke WR, Adams HP, Woolson RF. Ensuring reliability of outcome measures in multicenter clinical trials of treatments for acute ischemic stroke (The program developed for the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST)). Stroke. 1994;25:1746–1751
  6. Bushnell CD, Johnston DC, Goldstein LB. Retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity: comparison of the NIH Stroke Scale and the Canadian Neurological Scale. Stroke. 2001;32:656–660
  7. Goldstein LB, Bertels C, Davis JN. Interrater reliability of the NIH stroke scale. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:660–662
  8. Goldstein LB, Samsa GP. Reliability of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (Extension to non-neurologists in the context of a clinical trial). Stroke. 1997;28:307–310
  9. Lai SM, Duncan PW, Keighley J. Prediction of functional outcome after stroke: comparison of the Orpington Prognostic Scale and the NIH Stroke Scale. Stroke. 1998;29:1838–1842
  10. Tong DC, Yenari MA, Albers GW, O’Brien M, Marks MP, Moseley ME. Correlation of perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI with NIHSS score in acute (<6.5 hour) ischemic stroke. Neurology. 1998;50:864–870
  11. Bohannon RW, Lee N, Maljanian R. Postadmission function best predicts acute hospital outcomes after stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;81:726–730
  12. Muir KW, Weir CJ, Murray GD, Povey C, Lees KR. Comparison of neurological scales and scoring systems for acute stroke prognosis. Stroke. 1996;27:1817–1820
  13. Heinemann AW, Harvey RL, McGuire JR, et al. Measurement properties of the NIH Stroke Scale during acute rehabilitation. Stroke. 1997;28:1174–1180
  14. Lyden P, Claesson L, Havstad S, Ashwood T, Lu M. Factor analysis of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in patients with large strokes. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1677–1680
  15. Lyden PD, Lu M, Levine SR, Brott TG, Broderick J. A modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for use in stroke clinical trials: preliminary reliability and validity. Stroke. 2001;32:1310–1317
  16. Tirschwell DL, Longstreth WT, Becker KJ, et al. Shortening the NIH Stroke scale for use in the prehospital setting. Stroke. 2002;33:2801–2806
  17. Woo D, Broderick JP, Kothari RU, et al. NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group Does the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale favor left hemisphere strokes?. Stroke. 1999;30:2355–2359
  18. Wright BD, Linacre JM. Observations are always ordinal; measurements, however, must be interval. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:857–860
  19. Merbitz C, Morris J, Grip JC. Ordinal scales and foundations of misinference. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:308–312
  20. Lyden P, Shuaib A, Ng K, et al. CLASS-I/H/T Investigators Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study in ischemic stroke (CLASS-I): final results. Stroke. 2002;33:122–128
  21. Lyden P, Brott T, Tilley B, et al. NINDS TPA Stroke Study Group Improved reliability of the NIH Stroke Scale using video training. Stroke. 1994;25:2220–2226
  22. Rasch G. Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Copenhagen: Danmarks Paedoogiske Institut; 1960;
  23. Duncan PW, Bode RK, Min Lai S, Perera S. Rasch analysis of a new stroke-specific outcome scale: the Stroke Impact Scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:950–963
  24. Wright B, Mok M. An overview of the family of Rasch measurement models. In:  Smith E,  Smith R editor. Introduction to Rasch measurement. Maple Grove: JAM Pr; 2004;p. 1–24
  25. Bode R. Partial credit model and pivot anchoring. In:  Smith E,  Smith R editor. Introduction to Rasch measurement. Maple Grove: JAM Pr; 2004;p. 279–295
  26. Winsteps Rasch measurement software. Chicago: Winsteps; 2005;
  27. Linacre J. Structure in Rasch residuals: why principal components analysis?. Rasch Meas Trans. 1998;12:636
  28. Smith E. Detecting and evaluating the impact of multidimensionality using item fit statistics and principal component analysis of residuals. In:  Smith E,  Smith R editor. Introduction to Rasch measurement. Maple Grove: JAM Pr; 2004;p. 575–600
  29. Wright B, Linacre J. Reasonable mean-square fit values. Rasch Meas Trans. 1994;8:370
  30. Hutsler J, Galuske RA. Hemispheric asymmetries in cerebral cortical networks. Trends Neurosci. 2003;26:429–435
  31. Weintraub S, Mesulam MM. Visual hemispatial inattention: stimulus parameters and exploratory strategies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:1481–1488
  32. Foerch C, Misselwitz B, Sitzer M, Berger K, Steinmetz H, Neumann-Haefelin T. Difference in recognition of right and left hemispheric stroke. Lancet. 2005;366:392–393
  33. Fink JN, Selim MH, Kumar S, et al. Is the association of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and acute magnetic resonance imaging stroke volume equal for patients with right- and left-hemisphere ischemic stroke?. Stroke. 2002;33:954–958

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)01585-1

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.027

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 3 , Pages 302-308 , March 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution