Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 1 , Pages 43-49 , January 2007

Relationship Between Step Length Asymmetry and Walking Performance in Subjects With Chronic Hemiparesis

  • Chitralakshmi K. Balasubramanian, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • Mark G. Bowden, MS, PT

      Affiliations

    • Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • Richard R. Neptune, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX
    • ,
  • Steven A. Kautz, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
    • Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL
    • Brooks Center for Rehabilitation Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Steven A. Kautz, PhD, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center (151A), Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32608.

References 

  1. Brandstater ME, de Bruin H, Gowland C, Clark BM. Hemiplegic gait: analysis of temporal variables. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1983;64:583–587
  2. Wall JC, Turnbull GI. Gait asymmetries in residual hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:550–553
  3. Olney SJ, Richards CL. Hemiplegic gait following stroke: Part I. Characteristics. Gait Posture. 1996;4:136–148
  4. Kim CM, Eng JJ. Symmetry in vertical ground reaction force is accompanied by symmetry in temporal but not distance variables of gait in persons with stroke. Gait Posture. 2003;18:23–28
  5. Titianova EB, Tarkka IM. Asymmetry in walking performance and postural sway in patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarction. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1995;32:236–244
  6. Dettmann MA, Linder MT, Sepic SB. Relationships among walking performance, postural stability, and functional assessments of the hemiplegic patient. Am J Phys Med. 1987;66:77–90
  7. Hsu AL, Tang PF, Jan MH. Analysis of impairments influencing gait velocity and asymmetry of hemiplegic patients after mild to moderate stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1185–1193
  8. De Quervain IA, Simon SR, Leurgans S, Pease WS, McAllister D. Gait pattern in the early recovery period after stroke. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:1506–1514
  9. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor control: theory and practical applications. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2001;
  10. Bowden MG, Balasubramanian CK, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as a measure of paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking. Stroke. 2006;37:872–876
  11. Worthen LC, Kim CM, Kautz SA, Lew HL, Kiratli J, Beaupre GS. Key characteristics of walking correlate with bone density in individuals with chronic stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42:761–768
  12. Brunnstrom S. Movement therapy in hemiplegia: a neurophysiological approach. Hagerstown: Harper & Row; 1970;
  13. Bilney B, Morris M, Webster K. Concurrent related validity of the GAITRite walkway system for quantification of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Gait Posture. 2003;17:68–74
  14. Perry J, Garrett M, Gronley JK, Mulroy SJ. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke. 1995;26:982–989
  15. Varraine E, Bonnard M, Pailhous J. Intentional on-line adaptation of stride length in human walking. Exp Brain Res. 2000;130:248–257
  16. Anderson FC, Goldberg SR, Pandy MG, Delp SL. Contributions of muscle forces and toe-off kinematics to peak knee flexion during the swing phase of normal gait: an induced position analysis. J Biomech. 2004;37:731–737
  17. Goldberg SR, Anderson FC, Pandy MG, Delp SL. Muscles that influence knee flexion velocity in double support: implications for stiff-knee gait. J Biomech. 2004;37:1189–1196
  18. Goldberg SR, Ounpuu S, Delp SL. The importance of swing-phase initial conditions in stiff-knee gait. J Biomech. 2003;36:1111–1116
  19. Neptune RR, Kautz SA, Zajac FE. Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking. J Biomech. 2001;34:1387–1398
  20. Zajac FE, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking: part II: lessons from dynamical simulations and clinical implications. Gait Posture. 2003;17:1–17

 Supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R01 HD46820), Department of Veterans Affairs (merit review grant no. B2748R), and the Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs (grant no. F2182C).No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)01372-4

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.004

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 88, Issue 1 , Pages 43-49 , January 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution