Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 10 , Pages 1298-1304 , October 2006

Effectiveness of Gait Training Using an Electromechanical Gait Trainer, With and Without Functional Electric Stimulation, in Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Raymond K. Tong, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Raymond K. Tong, PhD, Rm ST417, Dept of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
    • ,
  • Maple F. Ng, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
    • ,
  • Leonard S. Li, MD

      Affiliations

    • Rehabilitation Unit and Physiotherapy Department, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong

References 

  1. Mackay J, Mensah G. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. Part three: the burden. World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en/. Accessed June 30, 2006.
  2. Hajek VE, Gagnon S, Ruderman JE. Cognitive and functional assessment of stroke patients: an analysis of their relation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:1331–1337
  3. Clifford J. Managing disability from stroke. Can Fam Physician. 1986;32:605–614
  4. Wade DT, Wood VA, Heller A. Walking after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first three months. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1987;19:25–30
  5. Friedman PJ. Gait recovery after hemiplegic stroke. Int Disabil Stud. 1990;12:119–122
  6. Hesse S, Bertelt C, Jahnke MT, et al. Treadmill training with partial body weight support compared with physiotherapy in nonambulatory hemiparetic patients. Stroke. 1995;26:976–981
  7. Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, Bouchard JP, Brunet D. Task-specific PT for optimization of gait recovery in acute stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:612–620
  8. Visintin M, Barbeau H, Korner-Bitensky N, Mayo NE. A new approach to retrain gait in stroke patients through body weight support and treadmill stimulation. Stroke. 1998;29:1122–1128
  9. da Cunha-Filho TI, Lim PA, Qureshy H, Henson H, Monga T, Protas EJ. Gait outcomes after acute stroke rehabilitation with supported treadmill ambulation training: a randomized controlled pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:1258–1265
  10. Visintin M, Barbeau H. The effects of parallel bars, body weight support and speed on the modulation of the locomotor pattern of spastic paretic gait (A preliminary communication). Paraplegia. 1994;32:540–553
  11. Moseley AM, Stark A, Cameron ID, Pollock A. Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD002840
  12. Kosak MC, Reding MJ. Comparison of partial body weight-supported treadmill gait training versus aggressive bracing assisted walking post stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2000;14:13–19
  13. Hesse S, Uhlenbrock D, Werner C, Bardeleben A. A mechanized gait trainer for restoring gait in nonambulatory subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:1158–1161
  14. Hesse S, Uhlenbrock D. A mechanized gait trainer for restoration of gait. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2000;37:701–708
  15. Werner C, Von Frankenberg S, Treig T, Konrad M, Hesse S. Treadmill training with partial body weight support and an electromechanical gait trainer for restoration of gait in subacute stroke patients: a randomized crossover study. Stroke. 2002;33:2895–2901
  16. Malezic M, Kljajic M, Acimovic-Janezic R, Gros N, Krajnik J, Stanic U. Therapeutic effects of multisite electric stimulation of gait in motor-disabled patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987;68:553–560
  17. Kralj A, Acimovic R, Stanic U. Enhancement of hemiplegic patient rehabilitation by means of functional electrical stimulation. Prosthet Orthot Int. 1993;17:107–114
  18. Rushton DN. Functional electrical simulation and rehabilitation—an hypothesis. Med Eng Phys. 2003;25:75–78
  19. Hayashi S, Shimura K, Kasai T. Rapid plastic changes of human primary motor cortex with repetitive motor practice and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Percept Motor Skills. 2005;101:575–586
  20. Peurala SH, Tarkka IM, Pitkanen K, Sivenius J. The effectiveness of body weight-supported gait training and floor walking in patients with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1557–1564
  21. Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The Mini-Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40:922–935
  22. Collen FM, Wade DT, Gradshaw CM. Mobility after stroke: reliability of measures of impairment and disability. Int Disabil Stud. 1990;12:6–9
  23. Prosser L, Canby A. Further validation of the Elderly Mobility Scale for measurement of mobility of hospitalized elderly people. Clin Rehabil. 1997;11:338–343
  24. Thorbahn L, Newton R. Use of the Berg Balance Test to predict falls in elderly persons. Phys Ther. 1996;76:567–583
  25. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, Maki B. Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiother Can. 1989;41:304–311
  26. Wood-Dauphinee S, Berg K, Bravo G, Williams JI. The balance scale: responsiveness to clinically meaningful changes. Can J Rehabil. 1997;10:35–50
  27. Stevenson TJ. Using impairment inventory scores to determine ambulation status in individuals with stroke. Physiother Can. 1999;51:168–174
  28. Demeurisse G, Demol O, Robaye E. Motor evaluation in vascular hemiplegia. Eur Neurol. 1980;19:382–389
  29. Cameron D, Bohannon RW. Criterion validity of lower extremity Motricity Index scores. Clin Rehabil. 2000;14:208–211
  30. Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The Functional Independence Measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987;1:6–18
  31. Viosca E, Lafuente R, Martinez JL, Almagro PL, Gracia A, Gonzalez C. Walking recovery after an acute stroke: assessment with a new functional classification and the Barthel Index. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1239–1244
  32. Hsueh IP, Lin JH, Jeng JS, Hsieh CL. Comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the Functional Independence Measure, 5 Item Barthel Index, and 10 Item Barthel Index in patients with stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;73:188–190
  33. Hamilton BB, Laughlin JA, Fiedler RC, Granger CV. Interrater reliability of the 7-level Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Scand J Rehabil Med. 1994;26:115–119
  34. Lennon S. Gait re-education based on the Bobath concept in two patients with hemiplegia following stroke. Phys Ther. 2001;81:924–935
  35. Wang RY. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the gait of patients with hemiplegia of long and short duration. Phys Ther. 1994;74:1108–1115
  36. Hidler JM, Wall AE. Alterations in muscle activation patterns during robotic-assisted walking. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2005;20:184–193
  37. Waters RL, McNeal DR, Faloon W, Clifford B. Functional electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve for hemiplegia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:792–793
  38. Burridge J, Taylor P, Wood D, Swain I. The effects of common peroneal stimulation on the effort and speed of walking: a randomized controlled trial with chronic hemiplegic patients. Clin Rehabil. 1997;11:201–210
  39. Hesse S, Malezic M, Schaffrin A, Mauritz KH. Restoration of gait by combined treadmill training and multichannel electrical stimulation in non-ambulatory hemiparetic patients. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995;27:199–204
  40. Daly JJ, Marsolais EB, Mendell LM, et al. Therapeutic neural effects of electrical stimulation. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1996;4:218–230

 Supported by the Research Grant Committee, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (project no. A-PE62) and the Institutional Review Board, University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (grant no. UW 03-089 T/89).No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)00686-1

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.06.016

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 10 , Pages 1298-1304 , October 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution