Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 9 , Pages 1195-1200 , September 2006

Preserved Cardiac Function After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

  • Patricia C. de Groot, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Arie van Dijk, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    • ,
  • Erika Dijk, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Maria T. Hopman, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to Maria T. Hopman, MD, PhD, Dept of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands

References 

  1. Pluim BM , Zwinderman AH , van der Laarse A , van der Wall EE . The athlete’s heart. A meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function . Circulation . 2000;101:336–344
  2. Perhonen MA , Zuckerman JH , Levine BD . Deterioration of left ventricular chamber performance after bed rest (“cardiovascular deconditioning” or hypovolemia?) . Circulation . 2001;103:1851–1857
  3. Levine BD , Zuckerman JH , Pawelczyk JA . Cardiac atrophy after bed-rest deconditioning (a nonneural mechanism for orthostatic intolerance) . Circulation . 1997;96:517–525
  4. Perhonen MA , Franco F , Lane LD , et al.   Cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight . J Appl Physiol . 2001;91:645–653
  5. Nash MS , Bilsker S , Marcillo AE , et al.   Reversal of adaptive left ventricular atrophy following electrically-stimulated exercise training in human tetraplegics . Paraplegia . 1991;29:590–599
  6. Huonker M , Schmid A , Sorichter S , Schmidt-Trucksab A , Mrosek P , Keul J . Cardiovascular differences between sedentary and wheelchair-trained subjects with paraplegia . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1998;30:609–613
  7. Kessler KM , Pina I , Green B , et al.   Cardiovascular findings in quadriplegic and paraplegic patients and in normal subjects . Am J Cardiol . 1986;58:525–530
  8. Eysmann SB , Douglas PS , Katz SE , Sarkarati M , Wei JY . Left ventricular mass and diastolic filling patterns in quadriplegia and implications for effects of normal aging on the heart . Am J Cardiol . 1995;75:201–203
  9. Bao JX , Zhang LF , Shang HH , Yu ZB , Qian YQ . [Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular structure and function after simulated weightlessness in rats] [Chinese] . Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) . 1999;12:88–91
  10. Goldstein MA , Edwards RJ , Schroeter JP . Cardiac morphology after conditions of microgravity during COSMOS 2044 . J Appl Physiol . 1992;73:94S–100S
  11. Maynard FM , Bracken MB , Creasey G , et al.   International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. American Spinal Injury Association . Spinal Cord . 1997;35:266–274
  12. Hooker SP , Figoni SF , Glaser RM , Rodgers MM , Ezenwa BN , Faghri PD . Physiologic responses to prolonged electrically stimulated leg-cycle exercise in the spinal cord injured . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1990;71:863–869
  13. Van Loan MD , McCluer S , Loftin JM , Boileau RA . Comparison of physiological responses to maximal arm exercise among able-bodied, paraplegics and quadriplegics . Paraplegia . 1987;25:397–405
  14. Grossman W . Diastolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure . Circulation . 1990;81(2 Suppl):III1–III7
  15. Packer M . Abnormalities of diastolic function as a potential cause of exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure . Circulation . 1990;81(2 Suppl):III78–III86
  16. Takenaka K , Suzuki Y , Kawakubo K , et al.   Cardiovascular effects of 20 days bed rest in healthy young subjects . Acta Physiol Scand Suppl . 1994;616:59–63
  17. Quinones MA , Otto CM , Stoddard M , Waggoner A , Zoghbi WA . Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography (a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography) . J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2002;15:167–184
  18. Sahn DJ , DeMaria A , Kisslo J , Weyman A . Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography (results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements) . Circulation . 1978;58:1072–1083
  19. Schiller NB , Shah PM , Crawford M , et al.   Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms . J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 1989;2:358–367
  20. Dubois D , Dubois EF . Clinical calorimetry. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known . Arch Intern Med . 1916;17:863–871
  21. Devereux RB , Alonso DR , Lutas EM , et al.   Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy (comparison to necropsy findings) . Am J Cardiol . 1986;57:450–458
  22. Vuille C , Weyman AE . Left ventricle. I: General considerations, assessment of chamber size and function . In:  Weyman AE editors. Principles and practice of echocardiography . 2nd ed.. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1994;p. 575–624
  23. Houtman S , Oeseburg B , Hopman MT . Blood volume and hemoglobin after spinal cord injury . Am J Phys Med Rehabil . 2000;79:260–265
  24. De Groot PC , Van Kuppevelt DH , Pons C , Snoek G , Van Der Woude LH , Hopman MT . Time course of arterial vascular adaptations to inactivity and paralyses in humans . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2003;35:1977–1985
  25. Krasnoff J , Painter P . The physiological consequences of bed rest and inactivity . Adv Ren Replace Ther . 1999;6:124–132
  26. Lehmann KG , Shandling AH , Yusi AU , Froelicher VF . Altered ventricular repolarization in central sympathetic dysfunction associated with spinal cord injury . Am J Cardiol . 1989;63:1498–1504
  27. Hopman MT . Circulatory responses during arm exercise in individuals with paraplegia . Int J Sports Med . 1994;15:126–131
  28. Vega RB , Bassel-Duby R , Olson EN . Control of cardiac growth and function by calcineurin signaling . J Biol Chem . 2003;278:36981–36984
  29. Wilkins BJ , Molkentin JD . Calcineurin and cardiac hypertrophy: where have we been? Where are we going? . J Physiol . 2002;541:1–8
  30. Hanson P . Exercise testing and training in patients with chronic heart failure . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1994;26:527–537
  31. Naylor LH , Arnolda LF , Deague JA , et al.   Reduced ventricular flow propagation velocity in elite athletes is augmented with the resumption of exercise training . J Physiol . 2005;563:957–963
  32. Garcia MJ , Thomas JD , Klein AL . New Doppler echocardiographic applications for the study of diastolic function . J Am Coll Cardiol . 1998;32:865–875
  33. Miyatake K , Yamagishi M , Tanaka N , et al.   New method for evaluating left ventricular wall motion by color-coded tissue Doppler imaging (in vitro and in vivo studies) . J Am Coll Cardiol . 1995;25:717–724
  34. Bungo MW , Goldwater DJ , Popp RL , Sandler H . Echocardiographic evaluation of space shuttle crewmembers . J Appl Physiol . 1987;62:278–283
  35. Hung J , Goldwater D , Convertino VA , McKillop JH , Goris ML , DeBusk RF . Mechanisms for decreased exercise capacity after bed rest in normal middle-aged men . Am J Cardiol . 1983;51:344–348
  36. Mulvagh SL , Charles JB , Riddle JM , Rehbein TL , Bungo MW . Echocardiographic evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of short-duration spaceflight . J Clin Pharmacol . 1991;31:1024–1026
  37. Davis GM , Shephard RJ , Leenen FH . Cardiac effects of short term arm crank training in paraplegics (echocardiographic evidence) . Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol . 1987;56:90–96
  38. Phillips CA , Danopulos D , Kezdi P , Hendershot D . Muscular, respiratory and cardiovascular responses of quadriplegic persons to an F.E.S. bicycle ergometer conditioning program . Int J Rehabil Res . 1989;12:147–157

 Supported by the Dutch Organization for Health Research and Development.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.Reprints are not available from the author.

PII: S0003-9993(06)00520-X

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.023

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 9 , Pages 1195-1200 , September 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution