Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 9 , Pages 1235-1241 , September 2006

The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool: A Report of Validity and Reliability Testing

Presented in part to the Second International Ankle Symposium, October 15–16, 2004, Newark, DE (abstract appears in Br J Sports Med 2005;39:390) and the First World Conference of Sports Injury Prevention, June 23–25, 2005, Oslo, Norway (abstract appears in J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005;35:A20).

  • Claire E. Hiller, MAppSc

      Affiliations

    • School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
    • ,
  • Kathryn M. Refshauge, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Kathryn M. Refshauge, PhD, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
    • ,
  • Anita C. Bundy, ScD

      Affiliations

    • School of Occupational and Leisure Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
    • ,
  • Rob D. Herbert, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
    • ,
  • Sharon L. Kilbreath, PhD

      Affiliations

    • School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia

  • Image Result

    Relation between the CAIT and the global perception of ankle instability measured by using an 11-point VAS (range, 0–10) (r=.84, P<.01). Each point represents an individual subject (n=92).

    Relation between the CAIT and the global perception of ankle instability measured by using an 11-point VAS (range, 0–10) (r=.84, P<.01). Each point represents an individual subject (n=92).

  • Image Result

    Map of CAIT items, from easiest to hardest for subjects, and stability of ankles by CAIT score converted to a log scale. Abbreviations: M, mean; S, standard deviation; T, 2 standard deviations. Legend

    Map of CAIT items, from easiest to hardest for subjects, and stability of ankles by CAIT score converted to a log scale. Abbreviations: M, mean; S, standard deviation; T, 2 standard deviations. Legend: #, 2 ankles.

  • Image Result
    Distribution of subjects along the CAIT showing those with and those without a history of ankle sprain (N=297). Discrimination score for functional ankle instability was 27.5. Note break in y axis.

    Distribution of subjects along the CAIT showing those with and those without a history of ankle sprain (N=297). Discrimination score for functional ankle instability was 27.5. Note break in y axis.

  • Image Result
    ROC curve for testing CAIT discrimination score (27.5) (N=147).

    ROC curve for testing CAIT discrimination score (27.5) (N=147).

  • Image Result
    Bland and Altman plot showing the average of the 2 CAIT test occasions against the difference between the 2 tests (n=36). The solid line represents the mean of the difference between the 2 test occasi

    Bland and Altman plot showing the average of the 2 CAIT test occasions against the difference between the 2 tests (n=36). The solid line represents the mean of the difference between the 2 test occasions, and the dashed lines represent 1.96 times the SD of the difference between the 2 test occasions.

 Supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)00519-3

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.022

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 9 , Pages 1235-1241 , September 2006

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