Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 8 , Pages 1091-1099 , August 2006

Isometric Muscle Torque in Children 5 to 15 Years of Age: Normative Data

References 

  1. Bannister CM . The case for and against intrauterine surgery for myelomeningoceles . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol . 2000;92:109–113
  2. Emery AE . The muscular dystrophies . Lancet . 2002;359:687–695
  3. Wiley ME , Damiano DL . Lower-extremity strength profiles in spastic cerebral palsy . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1998;40:100–107
  4. Buckon CE , Thomas SS , Harris GE , Piatt JH , Aiona MD , Sussman MD . Objective measurement of muscle strength in children with spastic diplegia after selective dorsal rhizotomy . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2002;83:454–460
  5. Elder GC , Kirk J , Stewart G , et al.   Contributing factors to muscle weakness in children with cerebral palsy . Dev Med Child Neurol . 2003;45:542–550
  6. Hinderer KA , Hinderer SR . Muscle strength development and assessment in children and adolescents . In:  Harms-Ringdahl K editors. Muscle strength . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1993;p. 93–140
  7. Damiano DL , Abel MF , Pannunzio M , Romano JP . Interrelationships of strength and gait before and after hamstrings lengthening . J Pediatr Orthop . 1999;19:352–358
  8. Jones MA , Stratton G . Muscle function assessment in children . Acta Paediatr . 2000;89:753–761
  9. Watkins MP , Harris BA . Evaluation of skeletal muscle performance . In:  Harms-Ringdahl K editors. Muscle strength . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1993;p. 19–36
  10. Daniels L , Worthingham C . Muscle testing (techniques of manual examination) . Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1986;
  11. Schwartz S , Cohen ME , Herbison GJ , Shah A . Relationship between two measures of upper extremity strength (manual muscle test compared to hand-held myometry) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1992;73:1063–1068
  12. Aitkens S , Lord J , Bernauer E , Fowler WM , Lieberman JS , Berck P . Relationship of manual muscle testing to objective strength measurements . Muscle Nerve . 1989;12:173–177
  13. Stratford PW , Balsor BE . A comparison of make and break tests using a hand-held dynamometer and the Kin-Com . J Orthop Sports Phys Ther . 1994;19:28–32
  14. Taylor NF , Dodd KJ , Graham HK . Test-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometric strength testing in young people with cerebral palsy . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2004;85:77–80
  15. Bohannon RW . Muscle strength in patients with brain lesions (measurement and implications) . In:  Harms-Ringdahl K editors. Muscle strength . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1993;p. 187–225
  16. Agre JC , Magness JL , Hull SZ , et al.   Strength testing with a portable dynamometer (reliability for upper and lower extremities) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1987;68:454–458
  17. Riddle DL , Finucane SD , Rothstein JM , Walker ML . Intrasession and intersession reliability of hand-held dynamometer measurements taken on brain-damaged patients . Phys Ther . 1989;69:182–194
  18. Harms-Ringdahl K , Ekholm J . Biomechanical aspects of exercise . In:  Harms-Ringdahl K editors. Muscle strength . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1993;p. 37–60
  19. Damiano DL , Dodd K , Taylor NF . Should we be testing and training muscle strength in cerebral palsy? . Dev Med Child Neurol . 2002;44:68–72
  20. Beenakker EA , van der Hoeven JH , Fock JM , Maurits NM . Reference values of maximum isometric muscle force obtained in 270 children aged 4-16 years by hand-held dynamometry . Neuromuscul Disord . 2001;11:441–446
  21. Bäckman E , Odenrick P , Henriksson KG , Ledin T . Isometric muscle force and anthropometric values in normal children aged between 3.5 and 15 years . Scand J Rehabil Med . 1989;21:105–114
  22. Wikland KA , Luo ZC , Niklasson A , Karlberg J . Swedish population-based longitudinal reference values from birth to 18 years of age for height, weight and head circumference . Acta Paediatr . 2002;91:739–754
  23. Andrews AW , Thomas MW , Bohannon RW . Normative values for isometric muscle force measurements obtained with hand-held dynamometers . Phys Ther . 1996;76:248–259
  24. Fleiss J . Design and analysis of clinical experiments . New York: Wiley; 1986;
  25. Faigenbaum AD , Milliken LA , Westcott WL . Maximal strength testing in healthy children . J Strength Cond Res . 2003;17:162–166
  26. Gage JR . Gait analysis in cerebral palsy . Oxford: Mac Keith; 1991;
  27. Broström E , Nordlund MM , Cresswell AG . Plantar- and dorsiflexor strength in prepubertal girls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2004;85:1224–1230
  28. Scott DA , Bond EQ , Sisto SA , Nadler SF . The intra- and interrater reliability of hip muscle strength assessments using a handheld versus a portable dynamometer anchoring station . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2004;85:598–603

 Supported by Stiftelsen Petter Silfverskiölds minnesfond.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)00443-6

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 8 , Pages 1091-1099 , August 2006