Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 8 , Pages 1086-1090 , August 2006

Prevalence of Clostridium Difficile Colonization at Admission to Rehabilitation

Presented to the American Academy of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, October 2005, Philadelphia, PA.

  • Christina Marciniak, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL
    • Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Christina Marciniak, MD, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 345 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611.
  • ,
  • David Chen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL
    • Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
  • ,
  • Adam C. Stein, MS

      Affiliations

    • University of Illinois, Chicago, IL.
  • ,
  • Patrick E. Semik, BA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL
    • Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL

References 

  1. Mylotte JM , Graham R , Kahler L , Young BL , Goodnough S . Impact of nosocomial infection on length of stay and functional improvement among patients admitted to an acute rehabilitation unit . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2001;22:83–87
  2. Karlstrom O , Fryklund B , Tullus K , Burman LG  The Swedish C. difficile Study Group . A prospective nationwide study of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in Sweden . Clin Infect Dis . 1998;26:141–145
  3. Fekety R  American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee . Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis . Am J Gastroenterol . 1997;92:739–750
  4. Kimmey MB , Elmer GW , Surawicz CM , McFarland LV . Prevention of further recurrences of Clostridium difficile colitis with Saccharomyces boulardii . Dig Dis Sci . 1990;35:897–901
  5. Kyne L , Farrell RJ , Kelly CP . Clostridium difficile . Gastroenterol Clin North Am . 2001;30:753–777 ix-x
  6. Kyne L , Sougioultzis S , McFarland LV , Kelly CP . Underlying disease severity as a major risk factor for nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhea . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2002;23:653–659
  7. Yablon SA , Krotenberg R , Fruhmann K . Diarrhea in hospitalized patients . Am J Phys Med Rehabil . 1992;71:102–107
  8. Dallal RM , Harbrecht BG , Boujoukas AJ , et al.   Fulminant Clostridium difficile (an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications) . Ann Surg . 2002;235:363–372
  9. McFarland LV , Mulligan ME , Kwok RY , Stamm WE . Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection . N Engl J Med . 1989;320:204–210
  10. Wistrom J , Norrby SR , Myhre EB , et al.   Frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in 2462 antibiotic-treated hospitalized patients (a prospective study) . J Antimicrob Chemother . 2001;47:43–50
  11. Clabots CR , Johnson S , Olson MM , Peterson LR , Gerding DN . Acquisition of Clostridium difficile by hospitalized patients (evidence for colonized new admissions as a source of infection) . J Infect Dis . 1992;166:561–567
  12. Alcantara C , Stenson WF , Steiner TS , Guerrant RL . Role of inducible cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced secretion and inflammation in an animal model . J Infect Dis . 2001;184:648–652
  13. Kelly CP , Pothoulakis C , LaMont JT . Clostridium difficile colitis . N Engl J Med . 1994;330:257–262
  14. Sakurai T , Hajiro K , Takakuwa H , Nishi A , Aihara M , Chiba T . Liver abscess caused by Clostridium difficile . Scand J Infect Dis . 2001;33:69–70
  15. Freiler JF , Durning SJ , Ender PT . Clostridium difficile small bowel enteritis occurring after total colectomy . Clin Infect Dis . 2001;33:1429–1431 ; discussion 32
  16. Jacobs A , Barnard K , Fishel R , Gradon JD . Extracolonic manifestations of Clostridium difficile infections. Presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature . Medicine (Baltimore) . 2001;80:88–101
  17. Garcia-Lechuz JM , Hernangomez S , Juan RS , Pelaez T , Alcala L , Bouza E . Extra-intestinal infections caused by Clostridium difficile . Clin Microbiol Infect . 2001;7:453–457
  18. Yablon SA , Krotenberg R , Fruhmann K . Clostridium difficile-related disease (evaluation and prevalence among inpatients with diarrhea in two freestanding rehabilitation hospitals) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1993;74:9–13
  19. McFarland LV , Surawicz CM , Stamm WE . Risk factors for Clostridium difficile carriage and C. difficile-associated diarrhea in a cohort of hospitalized patients . J Infect Dis . 1990;162:678–684
  20. Bartlett JG . Clinical practice. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea . N Engl J Med . 2002;346:334–339
  21. Centers for Disease Control. Clostridium difficile: information for healthcare providers. August 2004, updated July 22, 2005. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/id_CdiffFAQ_HCP.html#5. Accessed March 12, 2006.
  22. Trick WE , Temple RS , Chen D , Wright MO , Solomon SL , Peterson LR . Patient colonization and environmental contamination by vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a rehabilitation facility . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 2002;83:899–902
  23. Fekety R , Shah AB . Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis . JAMA . 1993;269:71–75
  24. McCusker ME , Harris AD , Perencevich E , Roghmann MC . Fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea . Emerg Infect Dis . 2003;9:730–733
  25. Bates CJ , Wilcox MH , Spencer RC , Harris DM . Ciprofloxacin and Clostridium difficile infection . Lancet . 1990;336:1193
  26. Climo MW , Israel DS , Wong ES , Williams D , Coudron P , Markowitz SM . Hospital-wide restriction of clindamycin (effect on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and cost) . Ann Intern Med . 1998;128(12 Pt 1):989–995
  27. Cunningham R , Dale B , Undy B , Gaunt N . Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile diarrhoea . J Hosp Infect . 2003;54:243–245
  28. Dial S , Alrasadi K , Manoukian C , Huang A , Menzies D . Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors (cohort and case-control studies) . CMAJ . 2004;171:33–38

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)00357-1

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.03.020

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 8 , Pages 1086-1090 , August 2006