Side Effects and Adverse Events Related to Intraligamentous Injection of Sclerosing Solutions (Prolotherapy) for Back and Neck Pain: A Survey of Practitioners
Abstract
Dagenais S, Ogunseitan O, Haldeman S, Wooley JR, Newcomb RL. Side effects and adverse events related to intraligamentous injection of sclerosing solutions (prolotherapy) for back and neck pain: a survey of practitioners.
Objective
To study the side effects and adverse events related to intraligamentous injection of sclerosing solutions (prolotherapy) for back and neck pain.
Design
Practitioner postal survey.
Setting
Postal survey of practitioners of prolotherapy for back and neck pain in the United States and Canada.
Participants
A sample of prolotherapy practitioners from 2 professional organizations were surveyed about their training and experience, use of specific treatment procedures, estimated prevalence of side effects, and adverse events related to prolotherapy for back and neck pain.
Interventions
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures
Prevalence of side effects and adverse events.
Results
Surveys were completed by 171 practitioners (response rate, 50%). Ninety-eight percent held medical degrees, and 83% were board certified in various disciplines. Respondents had a median of 10 years of experience, during which they had treated a median of 500 patients and given a median of 2000 treatments. Side effects with the highest median estimated prevalence were pain (70%), stiffness (25%), and bruising (5%). There were 472 reports of adverse events, including 69 that required hospitalization and 5 that resulted in permanent injury secondary to nerve injury. The vast majority (80%) were related to needle injuries such as spinal headache (n=164), pneumothorax (n=123), temporary systemic reactions (n=73), nerve damage (n=54), hemorrhage (n=27), nonsevere spinal cord insult (ie, meningitis, paralysis, spinal cord injury) (n=9), and disk injury (n=2).
Conclusions
Side effects related to prolotherapy for back and neck pain, such as temporary postinjection pain, stiffness, and bruising, are common and benign. Adverse events related to prolotherapy for back and neck pain are similar in nature to other widely used spinal injection procedures. Further study is needed to fully describe the adverse event profile of prolotherapy for back and neck pain.
dDepartment of Environmental Health, Science, and Policy, University of California, Irvine, CA
eDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA
fDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
gResearch Division, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, CA
hStatistical Consulting Center, University of California, Irvine, CA.
Reprint requests to Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD, CAM Research Institute, 27 Peters Canyon Rd, Irvine, CA 92606
No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.
ABSTRACT