Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 7 , Pages 923-927 , July 2006

Electromyographic Activity in the Immobilized Shoulder Girdle Musculature During Scapulothoracic Exercises

  • Jay Smith, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, MN
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Jay Smith, MD, Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905
    • ,
  • Diane L. Dahm, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Kenton R. Kaufman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Andrea J. Boon, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Edward R. Laskowski, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Brian R. Kotajarvi, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • David J. Jacofsky, MD

      Affiliations

    • The CORE Institute, Center for Orthopedic Research and Education, Sun City West, AZ.

References 

  1. Deitrick J , Whedon G , Shorr E . Effects of immobilization upon various metabolic and physiologic functions of normal men . Am J Med . 1948;4:3–32
  2. Halar E , Bell K . Immobility . In:  DeLisa J ,  Gans B editor. Rehabilitation medicine (principles and practice) . 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;p. 1015–1034
  3. Kibler W . The role of the scapula in overhead throwing motion . Contemp Orthop . 1991;22:525–532
  4. Muller E . Influence of training and of inactivity on muscle strength . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1970;51:449–462
  5. Dockery M , Wright T , LaStayo P . Electromyography of the shoulder (an analysis of passive modes of exercise) . Orthopedics . 1998;21:1181–1184
  6. Kibler W . Shoulder rehabilitation (principles and practice) . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1998;30:S40–S50
  7. Kibler W . The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function . Am J Sports Med . 1998;26:325–337
  8. Smith J , Padgett D , Dahm D , et al.   Electromyographic activity in the immobilized shoulder girdle musculature during contralateral upper limb movements . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2004;13:583–588
  9. Kibler W , Livingston B , Bruce R . Current concepts in shoulder rehabilitation . Adv Operative Orthop . 1995;3:249–300
  10. Boon J , deBeer M , Botha D , Maritz N , Fouche A . The anatomy of the subscapularis tendon insertion as applied to rotator cuff repair . J Shoulder Elbow Surg . 2004;13:165–169
  11. Decker M , Tokish J , Ellis H , Torry M , Hawkins R . Subscapularis muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises . Am J Sports Med . 2003;31:126–134
  12. Gerber C , Hersche O , Farron A . Isolated rupture of the subscapularis tendon . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1996;78:1015–1023
  13. Basmajian J , DeLuca C . Muscles alive (their functions revealed by electromyography) . 5th ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1985;
  14. Kadaba M , Cole A , Wootten M , et al.   Intramuscular wire electromyography of the subscapularis . J Orthop Res . 1992;10:394–397
  15. Delagi E , Iazzeti J , Perotto A , Morrison D . Anatomical guide for the electromyographer (the limbs and trunk) . 3rd ed.. Springfield: CC Thomas; 1994;
  16. Kendall F , McCreary E , Provance P . Muscles (testing and function) . 4th ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1993;
  17. Burkhart S , Morgan C , Kibler W . The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology, Part III: the SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation . Arthroscopy . 2003;19:641–646
  18. Jobe F , Moynes D , Tibone J , Perry J . An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching . Am J Sports Med . 1984;12:218–220
  19. McCann P , Wootten M , Kadaba M , Bigliani L . A kinematic and electromyographic study of shoulder rehabilitation exercises . Clin Orthop Rel Res . 1993;179–188 Mar(288)
  20. Townsend H , Jobe F , Pink M , Perry J . Electromyographic analysis of the glenohumeral muscles during a baseball rehabilitation program . Am J Sports Med . 1991;19:264–272
  21. Hintermeister R , Lange G , Schulteis J , Bey M , Hawkins R . Electromyographic activity and applied load during shoulder rehabilitation exercise using elastic resistance . Am J Sports Med . 1998;26:210–220

 Supported by the Mayo Foundation and the Physiatric Association of Spine, Sports, and Occupational Rehabilitation.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(06)00313-3

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.03.013

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 7 , Pages 923-927 , July 2006

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