Effects of Environmental Demands on Locomotion After Traumatic Brain Injury

Average time per item to read (A) the Stroop bar and (B) the Stroop word tasks while sitting, walking unobstructed (NO), avoiding the narrow obstacle (NrO), and avoiding the wide obstacle (WdO) for the subjects with TBI (dark boxes) and control subjects (pale boxes). The boxplots indicate medians (thick horizontal bars) and the 75th (top of box) and 25th (bottom of box) percentile ranges; the whiskers indicate full ranges. Outliers (∘) represent values that were at least 1.5 times greater or less than the interquartile range (IQR). Significant differences (P≤.05) are shown within groups (^___) and between groups (*).

Walking speeds during (A) unobstructed walking (NO) and (B) while avoiding the narrow obstacle (NrO) and (C) the wide obstacle (WdO). Data are indicated for subjects with TBI (dark boxes) and control subjects (pale boxes) without any division of attention and with simultaneous Stroop bar (B) or Stroop word (W) tasks. The boxplots indicate medians (thick horizontal bars) and the 75th (top of box) and 25th (bottom of box) percentile ranges; the whiskers indicate full ranges. Outliers (∘) represent values that were at least 1.5 times greater or less than the IQR. Significant differences (P≤.05) are shown within groups (^___) and between groups (*).

Stride lengths for (A, B, C) the lead and (D, E, F) the trail limbs while walking unobstructed (NO), while avoiding the narrow obstacle (NrO), and while avoiding the wide obstacle (WdO) without any division of attention and with simultaneous Stroop bar (B) or Stroop word (W) tasks for the subjects with TBI (dark boxes) and control subjects (pale boxes). The boxplots indicate medians (thick horizontal bars) and the 75th (top of box) and 25th (bottom of box) percentile ranges; the whiskers indicate full ranges. Outliers (∘) represent values that were at least 1.5 times greater or less than the IQR. Significant differences (P≤.05) are shown within groups (^___) and between groups (*).

Clearance margins for (A, B, C) the lead and (D, E, F) the trail limbs when stepping over the front end of the narrow (NrO) and wide (WdO) obstacles and over the far end of the wide obstacle (FWdO) without any division of attention and with simultaneous Stroop bar (B) or Stroop word (W) tasks for the subjects with TBI (dark boxes) and control subjects (pale boxes). The boxplots indicate medians (thick horizontal bars) and the 75th (top of box) and 25th (bottom of box) percentile ranges; the whiskers indicate full ranges. Outliers (∘) represent values that were at least 1.5 times greater or less than the IQR. Significant differences (P≤.05) are shown within groups (^___) and between groups (*).