Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 4 , Pages 496-503 , April 2006

An Observational Electromyography Study of the Effect of Trunk Flexion in Low-Velocity Frontal Whiplash-Type Impacts

  • Shrawan Kumar, PhD (FRS(C))

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Shrawan Kumar, PhD, FRS(C), 3-75 Corbett Hall, Dept of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada
    • ,
  • Robert Ferrari, MD (FRCPC, FACP)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • ,
  • Yogesh Narayan, BSc, PEng

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

References 

  1. Spitzer WO , Skovron ML , Salmi LR , et al.   Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders (redefining “whiplash” and its management) . [published erratum in: Spine 1995;20:2372] Spine . 1995;120(Suppl 8):1S–73S
  2. West DH , Gough JP , Harper GT . Low speed rear-end collision testing using human subjects . Accid Reconstr J . 1993;5:22–26
  3. McConnell WE , Howard RP , Guzman HM , et al.   Analysis of human test subject kinematic responses to low velocity rear end impacts . In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Stapp Car Crash Conference . Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers; 1993;p. 21–30 Paper No. 930889
  4. McConnell WE , Howard RP , Van Poppel J , Krause R , Guzman HM , Bomar JB . Human head and neck kinematics after low velocity rear-end impacts—understanding “whiplash” . In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference . Warrendale: Society of Automotive Engineers; 1995;p. 215–238 Paper No. 952724
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  13. Brault JR , Wheeler JB , Siegmund GP , Brault EJ . Clinical response of human subjects to rear-end automobile collisions . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1998;79:72–80
  14. Howard RP , Bowles AP , Guzman HM , Krenrich SW . Head, neck, and mandible dynamics generated by “whiplash” . Accid Anal Prev . 1998;30:525–534
  15. Magnusson ML , Pope MH , Hasselquist L , et al.   Cervical electromyographic activity during low-speed rear-end impact . Eur Spine J . 1998;8:118–125
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  17. Castro WH , Meyer SJ , Becke ME , et al.   No stress—no whiplash? Prevalence of “whiplash” symptoms following exposure to a placebo rear-end collision . Int J Legal Med . 2001;114:316–322
  18. Kumar S , Narayan Y , Amell T . An electromyographic study of low-velocity rear-end impacts . Spine . 2002;27:1044–1055
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  23. Grunsten RC , Gilbert NS , Mawn SV . The mechanical effects of impact acceleration on the unconstrained human head and neck complex . Contemp Orthop . 1989;18:199–202
  24. Kumar S , Narayan Y , Amell T . Analysis of low-velocity frontal impacts . Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) . 2003;18:694–703
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  26. Ferrari R . In: The whiplash encyclopedia (the facts and myths of whiplash) . Gaithersburg: Aspen; 1999;p. 449–470
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  28. Kumar S , Narayan Y , Amell T . Cervical strength of young adults in sagittal, coronal, and intermediate planes . Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) . 2001;6:380–388
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  30. Kumar S , Ferrari R , Narayan Y , Jones T . The effect of seat belt use on the cervical electromyogram response to whiplash-type impacts . J Manipulative Physiol Ther . 2006;29:115–125

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(05)01533-9

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.034

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 4 , Pages 496-503 , April 2006

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