Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 4 , Pages 496-503 , April 2006

An Observational Electromyography Study of the Effect of Trunk Flexion in Low-Velocity Frontal Whiplash-Type Impacts

  • Shrawan Kumar, PhD (FRS(C))

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to Shrawan Kumar, PhD, FRS(C), 3-75 Corbett Hall, Dept of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada
    • ,
  • Robert Ferrari, MD (FRCPC, FACP)

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • ,
  • Yogesh Narayan, BSc, PEng

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

  • Image Result

    The sled device for whiplash-type impacts.

    The sled device for whiplash-type impacts.

  • Image Result

    The positioning of the subjects prior to frontal whiplash-type impacts.

    The positioning of the subjects prior to frontal whiplash-type impacts.

  • Image Result

    The sled acceleration impulses for 4 levels of applied acceleration.

    The sled acceleration impulses for 4 levels of applied acceleration.

  • Image Result

    Trunk flexed to left and right. Head acceleration in the x, y, and z axes of 1 subject in response to the level of applied acceleration. The z axis is parallel, the x axis orthogonal, and the y axis v

    Trunk flexed to left and right. Head acceleration in the x, y, and z axes of 1 subject in response to the level of applied acceleration. The z axis is parallel, the x axis orthogonal, and the y axis vertical to the direction of travel. Legend: Head X, head acceleration in the x axis; Head Y, head acceleration in the y axis; Head Z, head acceleration in the z axis.

  • Image Result
    Trunk flexed to left and right. Normalized mean peak and average electromyograms (EMG) (percentage of isometric MVC) where the error bars represent standard deviation, and applied acceleration. Abbrev

    Trunk flexed to left and right. Normalized mean peak and average electromyograms (EMG) (percentage of isometric MVC) where the error bars represent standard deviation, and applied acceleration. Abbreviations: LSCM, left sternocleidomastoid; LSPL, left splenius capitis; LTRP, left trapezius; RSCM, right sternocleidomastoid; RSPL, right splenius capitis; RTRP, right trapezius.

 No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(05)01533-9

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.034

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 4 , Pages 496-503 , April 2006

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